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Impact of anthropogenic emissions on biogenic secondary organic aerosol: observation in the Pearl River Delta, southern China

机译：人为排放对生物学中学有机气溶胶的影响：中国南方珠江三角洲观察

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Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from biogenic precursors is affected by anthropogenic emissions, which are not well understood in polluted areas. In this study, we accomplished a year-round campaign at nine sites in polluted areas located in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region during 2015. We measured typical biogenic SOA (BSOA) tracers from isoprene, monoterpenes, and β-caryophyllene, as well as major gaseous and particulate pollutants and investigated the impact of anthropogenic pollutants on BSOA formation. The concentrations of BSOA tracers were in the range of 45.4 to 109 ng m?3 with the majority composed of products from monoterpenes (SOAM, 47.2±9.29 ng m?3), isoprene (SOAI, 23.1±10.8 ng m?3), and β-caryophyllene (SOAC, 3.85±1.75 ng m?3). We found that atmospheric oxidants, Ox (O3 plus NO2), and sulfate correlated well with later-generation SOAM tracers, but this was not the case for first-generation SOAM products. This suggested that high Ox and sulfate levels could promote the formation of later-generation SOAM products, which probably led to the relatively aged SOAM that we observed in the PRD. For the SOAI tracers, both 2-methylglyceric acid (NO/NO2-channel product) and the ratio of 2-methylglyceric acid to 2-methyltetrols (HO2-channel products) exhibit NOx dependence, indicating the significant impact of NOx on SOAI formation pathways. The SOAC tracer was elevated in winter at all sites and was positively correlated with levoglucosan, Ox, and sulfate. Thus, the unexpected increase in SOAC in wintertime might be highly associated with the enhancement of biomass burning, O3 chemistry, and the sulfate component in the PRD. The BSOAs that were estimated using the SOA tracer approach showed the highest concentration in fall and the lowest concentration in spring with an annual average concentration of 1.68±0.40 μg m?3. SOAM dominated the BSOA mass all year round. We also found that BSOA correlated well with sulfate and Ox. This implied a significant effect from anthropogenic pollutants on BSOA formation and highlighted that we could reduce BSOA by controlling the anthropogenic emissions of sulfate and Ox precursors in polluted regions.
机译：从生物生物前体形成的二次有机气溶胶（SOA）受到人为排放的影响，在污染区域中尚未得到很好的理解。在这项研究中，我们在2015年，我们在珠江三角洲（PRD）地区的九个景点中完成了一系列全年的竞争。我们测量了异戊二烯，单萜和β-羧基的典型生物素SOA（BSOA）示踪剂，如以及主要气态和颗粒状污染物，并研究了人为污染物对BSO形成的影响。 BSO示踪剂的浓度在45.4至109ngm≤3的范围内，大多数由来自单口萜烯（SOAM，47.2±9.29ng M 3），异戊二烯（SOAI，23.1±10.8ng M 2 3）的产品组成的大多数。和β-亚芳芬（SOAC，3.85±1.75 ngm≤3）。我们发现大气氧化剂，牛（O3加号），硫酸盐与后一代SOAM示踪剂相关，但第一代SOAM产品不是这种情况。这表明高氧和硫酸盐水平可以促进后代苏仑制品的形成，这可能导致我们在PRD中观察到的相对较大的SOAM。对于SOAI示踪剂，2-甲基甘氨酸酸（NO2沟道产物）和2-甲基甘露甘油与2-甲基四烯醇（HO2沟道产物）的比例表现出NOx依赖性，表明NOx对SOAI形成途径的显着影响。 SOAC示踪剂在所有地点冬天升高，与左葡聚糖，牛和硫酸盐正相关。因此，在冬季冬季的SOAC意外增加可能与增强生物量燃烧，O3化学和PRD中的硫酸盐组分的增强高。使用SOA示踪方法估计的BSOA在秋季的最高浓度和春季最低浓度下降，年平均浓度为1.68±0.40μgm≤3。 Soam全年占据了BSO群众。我们还发现BSOA与硫酸盐和牛相关。这暗示了对BSO形成的人为污染物的显着影响，并强调我们通过控制污染区域中的硫酸盐和牛前体的人为排放来减少BSO。

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