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Spatial–temporal variations and process analysis of Osub3/sub pollution in Hangzhou during the G20 summit

机译：G20峰会杭州杭州o 3 污染的空间变化及过程分析

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Serious urban ozone (O3) pollution was observed during the campaign of 2016 G20 summit in Hangzhou, China, while other pollutants had been significantly reduced by the short-term emission control measures. To understand the underlying mechanism, the Weather Research Forecast with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) model is used to investigate the spatial and temporal O3 variations in Hangzhou from 24?August to 6?September 2016. The model is first successfully evaluated and validated for local and regional meteorological and chemical parameters by using the ground and upper-air level observed data. High ozone concentrations, temporally during most of the daytime emission control period and spatially from the surface to the top of the planetary boundary layer, are captured in Hangzhou and even the whole Yangtze River Delta region. Various atmospheric processes are further analyzed to determine the influential factors of local ozone formation through the integrated process rate method. Interesting horizontal and vertical advection circulations of O3 are observed during several short periods, and the effects of these processes are nearly canceled out. As a result, ozone pollution is mainly attributed to the local photochemical reactions that are not obviously influenced by the emission reduction measures. The ratio of reduction of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) to that of NOx is a critical parameter that needs to be carefully considered for future alleviation of ozone formation. In addition, the vertical diffusion from the upper-air background O3 also plays an important role in shaping the surface ozone concentration. These results provide insight into urban O3 formation in Hangzhou and support the Model Intercomparison Study Asia Phase III (MICS-Asia Phase III).
机译：在杭州杭州市2016年G20峰会的竞选期间观察到严重的城市臭氧（O3）污染，而其他污染物被短期排放控制措施显着降低。要了解潜在机制，使用化学（WRF-Chem）模型的天气研究预测用于调查杭州24岁杭州的空间和时间O3变异8月至6日？2016年9月。首先成功评估和验证本地模型通过使用地面和上空水平观察数据和区域气象和化学参数。在杭州甚至整个长江三角洲地区捕获了高臭氧浓度，在大多数日间排放控制周期和从地形边界层顶部的表面到顶部。进一步分析各种大气过程以通过综合加工速率法确定局部臭氧地层的影响因素。在几个短时间内观察到O3的有趣水平和垂直平流循环，并且这些过程的效果几乎取消了。因此，臭氧污染主要归因于局部光化学反应，这些反应不会受减排措施的明显影响。 NOx的挥发性有机化合物（VOC）的减少与NOx的比例是需要仔细考虑未来减轻臭氧地层的关键参数。此外，来自上空背景O3的垂直扩散也在形成表面臭氧浓度方面起着重要作用。这些结果提供了对杭州城市O3形成的洞察力，支持模型互相研究亚洲第三阶段（MICS-Asia III）。

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