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Importance of gas-particle partitioning of ammonia in haze formation in the rural agricultural environment

机译：农村农业环境中氨氨氨气颗粒分配的重要性

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Ammonia in the atmosphere is essential for the formation of fine particles that impact air quality and climate. Despite extensive prior research to disentangle the relationship between ammonia and haze pollution, the role of ammonia in haze formation in high ammonia-emitting regions is still not well understood. Aiming to better understand secondary inorganic aerosol (sulfate, nitrate, ammonium – SNA) formation mechanisms under high-ammonia conditions, 1-year hourly measurement of water-soluble inorganic species (gas and particle) was conducted at a rural supersite in Shanghai. Exceedingly high levels of agricultural ammonia, constantly around 30 μg m?3, were observed. We find that gas-particle partitioning of ammonia (ε(NH4+)), as opposed to ammonia concentrations, plays a critical role in SNA formation during the haze period. From an assessment of the effects of various parameters, including temperature (T), aerosol water content (AWC), aerosol pH, and activity coefficient, it seems that AWC plays predominant regulating roles for ε(NH4+). We propose a self-amplifying feedback mechanism associated with ε(NH4+) for the formation of SNA, which is consistent with diurnal variations in ε(NH4+), AWC, and SNA. Our results imply that a reduction in ammonia emissions alone may not reduce SNA effectively, at least at rural agricultural sites in China.
机译：大气中的氨对形成空气质量和气候的细颗粒是必不可少的。尽管在脱离氨和阴霾污染的关系方面进行了广泛的研究，但氨在高氨开发区域中雾霾形成的作用仍未得到很好的理解。旨在更好地了解高氨条件下的二级无机气溶胶（硫酸盐，硝酸铵，铵 - SNA）形成机制，在上海的农村固体岩石中进行了1年小时的水溶性无机物质（气体和粒子）。观察到超过30μgm≤3的高水平的农业氨。我们发现氨的气体颗粒分配（ε（NH4 +））与氨浓度相反，在阴霾期间在SNA形成中起着关键作用。从评估各种参数的影响，包括温度（t），气溶胶水含量（AWC），气溶胶pH和活性系数，似乎AWC似乎对ε（NH4 +）的主要调节作用作出。我们提出了一种与ε（NH4 +）相关的​​自我放大反馈机制，用于形成SNA，这与ε（NH4 +），AWC和SNA的昼夜变化一致。我们的结果意味着单独减少氨排放可能不会有效地减少SNA，至少在中国农村农业地点。

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