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Fast Frequency Response from MMC-HVDC with Varying Dead Band Implementation

机译：具有不同死区实现的MMC-HVDC的快速频率响应

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Future electrical power systems will have an increased percentage of renewable generation which will reduce the amount of synchronously connected rotating kinetic energy and inertia. With reduced levels of inertia, the system frequency will be prone to a faster rate of deviation from its nominal value. As traditional frequency containment may be too slow under low inertia conditions, it is expected that systems will require renewable sources of generation to provide some additional frequency containment response (FCR) in suitably fast timeframes. Of particular interest in this research is how the use of modular multilevel converter (MMC) based HVDC interconnectors could be operated to provide FCR. To avoid excessive operation of MMC-based FCR, dead bands around nominal frequency are often suggested. Here, the implementation of the dead band is revisited to investigate how different variants of implementations (namely, continuous and discontinuous), could improve frequency response from an MMC. A continuous implementation with a variable controller gain value that is dependent on dead band size is shown to reduce frequency nadir. The discontinuous implementation is shown to reduce frequency nadir further and when modified with latching behavior also improves frequency recovery. This research highlights that alternative dead band implementation for MMCs, particularly a discontinuous dead band with latching behavior could improve frequency response in future power systems.
机译：未来的电力系统将具有增加的可再生生成百分比，这将减少同步连接的旋转动能和惯性的量。随着惯性水平降低，系统频率将容易产生与其标称值的更快偏差速率。随着传统频率的频率容纳在低惯性条件下可能太慢，预计系统将需要可再生的生成源来提供一些额外的频率容纳响应（FCR）在适当的时间范围内。特别涉及本研究的是如何运行基于模块化多电平转换器（MMC）的HVDC互连器以提供FCR。为避免基于MMC的FCR过度运行，通常建议围绕标称频率的死区。这里，重访对死区的实现来研究实现的不同变体（即连续和不连续），可以改善MMC的频率响应。显示具有取决于死区尺寸的可变控制器增益值的连续实现，以减少频率Nadir。不连续实现被示出为进一步减少频率Nadir，并且当用锁存行为修改时也提高了频率恢复。该研究突出显示MMC的替代死频带，特别是具有锁存行为的不连续的死区可以改善未来电力系统中的频率响应。

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