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Using formal methods in distributed system design

机译：在分布式系统设计中使用正式方法

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Distributed systems are groups of networked computers, which have the same goal for their work. The terms “concurrent computing”, “parallel computing”, and “distributed computing” have a lot of overlap, and no clear distinction exists between them. The same system may be characterized both as “parallel” and “distributed”; the processors in a typical distributed system run concurrently in parallel. Parallel computing may be seen as a particular tightly coupled form of distributed computing, and distributed computing may be seen as a loosely coupled form of parallel computing. Nevertheless, it is possible to roughly classify concurrent systems as “parallel” or “distributed” using the following criteria. Philosophy is centrally concerned with arguments. The first question to be asked of any argument (or inference) is whether or not it is valid: that is, does its conclusion really follow from the cited premises? Validity of inference is the central problem of deductive logic.
机译：分布式系统是网络计算机组，对其工作具有相同的目标。术语“并发计算”，“并行计算”和“分布式计算”具有大量重叠，并且它们之间不存在明确的区别。相同的系统可以表征为“平行”和“分布式”;典型分布式系统中的处理器并行运行。并行计算可以被视为特定的紧密耦合形式的分布式计算，并且分布式计算可以被视为松散耦合的并行计算形式。然而，可以使用以下标准大致将并发系统分类为“并行”或“分布式”。哲学是与论据的界心关切。第一个要问过任何参数（或推理）的问题是是否有效：也就是说，它的结论是否真的从被引用的场所遵循？推论的有效性是演绎逻辑的核心问题。

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