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首页> 外文期刊>RSC Advances >Benzophenone assisted UV-activated synthesis of unique Pd-nanodendrite embedded reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite: a catalyst for C–C coupling reaction and fuel cell
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Benzophenone assisted UV-activated synthesis of unique Pd-nanodendrite embedded reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite: a catalyst for C–C coupling reaction and fuel cell

机译：二苯甲酮辅助紫外线活化合成独特的Pd纳米二萜蛋白嵌入的石墨烯氧化物纳米复合材料：C-C偶联反应和燃料电池的催化剂

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In this work we report the use of benzophenone (BP) for the synthesis of a palladium (Pd) embedded on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanocomposite (Pd/rGO) using a simple aqueous solution and UV irradiation. The simple and facile evolution of thermodynamically unstable branched Pd(0) nanodendrites was achieved by BP photoactivation, circumventing the growth of more stable nanomorphologies. The synthesis of Pd(0)-embedded rGO nanosheets (PRGO-nd) was made possible by the simultaneous reduction of both the GO scaffold and PdCl _(2) by introducing BP into the photoactivation reaction. The nanocomposites obtained in the absence of BP were common triangular and twinned Pd(0) structures which were also implanted on the rGO scaffold (PRGO-nt). The disparity in morphologies presumably occurs due to the difference in the kinetics of the reduction of Pd ~(2+) to Pd ~(0) in the presence and absence of the BP photoinitiator. It was observed that the PRGO-nd was composed of dense arrays of multiple Pd branches around nucleation site which exhibited (111) facet, whereas PRGO-nt showed a mixture of (100) and (111) facets. On comparing the catalytic efficiencies of the as-synthesized nanocatalysts, we observed a superiority in efficiency of the thermodynamically unstable PRGO-nd nanocomposite. This is due to the evolved active facets of the dendritic Pd(0) morphology with its higher surface area, as testified by Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis. Since both PRGO-nd and PRGO-nt contain particles of similar size, the dents and grooves in the structure are the cause of the increase in the effective surface area in the case of nanodendrites. The unique dendritic morphology of the PRGO-nd nanostructures makes them a promising material for superior catalysis, due to their high surface area, and the high density of surface atoms at their edges, corners, and stepped regions. We investigated the efficiency of the as-prepared PRGO-nd catalyst in the Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reaction and showed its proficiency in a 2 h reaction at 60 °C using 2 mol% catalyst containing 0.06 mol% active Pd. Moreover, the electrochemical efficiency for the catalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) was demonstrated, in which PRGO-nd provided a decreased overpotential of 68 mV for a current density of 10 mA cm ~(?2) , a small Tafel slope of 57 mV dec ~(?1) and commendable stability during chronoamperometric testing for 5 h.
机译：在这项工作中，我们通过简单的水溶液和紫外线照射向嵌入在还原石墨烯（RGO）纳米复合材料（PD / RGO）上嵌入嵌入的钯（Pd）的二苯甲酮（BP）的用途。通过BP去粘激活实现了热力学不稳定的支链Pd（0）纳米培养簇的简单和容易的进化，避免了更稳定的纳米正态学的生长。通过将GO支架和PdCl _（2）同时介绍BP进入光活化反应，使Pd（0）-embedded rgo纳米片（PROG-Nd）合成。在不存在BP的情况下获得的纳米复合材料是常见的三角形和孪晶Pd（0）结构，其也植入RGO支架（PRON-NT）上。由于在BP光引发剂的存在和不存在的情况下，由于BP光引发剂的存在和不存在的PD〜（2+）降低的动力学的差异，因此形态的视差可能发生。观察到PRGO-ND由围绕成核位点周围的多个Pd分支的致密阵列组成（111）刻面，而PRGO-NT显示出（100）和（111）个刻面的混合物。在比较AS合成纳米催化剂的催化效率的情况下，我们观察了热力学不稳定的PRGO-ND纳米复合材料的效率优势。这是由于树枝状PD（0）形态的发达的活性面，其表面积较高，如Brunauer-Emmett-Teller（BET）分析所作证。由于PRGO-ND和PRGO-NT含有相似尺寸的颗粒，因此该结构中的凹槽和凹槽是纳米二德氏型的情况下有效表面积增加的原因。 PRGO-ND纳米结构的独特树突形态使其成为优越催化的有希望的材料，由于它们的高表面积，以及它们的边缘，角落和阶梯区域的表面原子的高密度。我们研究了苏苏 - 宫谷偶联反应中的AS制备的PRGO-ND催化剂的效率，并使用含有0.06mol％活性Pd的2mol％催化剂在60℃下在60℃下熟练熟练。此外，对催化氢进化反应（她）的电化学效率进行了说明，其中PRO-ND为电流密度为10 mA cm〜（β2）提供了68mV的下电位，这是57 mV的小Tafel斜率DEC〜（？1）和计时率测试期间的值得称称的稳定性5小时。

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