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首页> 外文期刊>RSC Advances >Synthesis of nanomagnetic sulphonated impregnated Ni/Mn/Na2SiO3 as catalyst for esterification of palm fatty acid distillate
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Synthesis of nanomagnetic sulphonated impregnated Ni/Mn/Na2SiO3 as catalyst for esterification of palm fatty acid distillate

机译：纳米磁性硫酸盐浸渍Ni / Mn / Na 2 SiO3作为催化剂的催化剂催化剂

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The deterioration of the environment due to anthropogenic disturbances has become a major concern to scientists and engineers. This study responds to the concern by developing a novel nanomagnetic carbonaceous solid acid catalyst using empty fruit bunches (EFBs) as a precursor. The EFB was sulphonated to obtain acidic EFBs (AEFBs). The impregnation method was performed to incorporate metal oxides, namely, NiO, MnO and Na _(2) SiO _(3) , on the AEFBs. This process resulted in three nanomagnetic catalysts, namely, Na _(2) SiO _(3) –NiO–MnO/AC, NiO–MnO/AC and NiO/AC. According to X-ray diffraction analysis, the crystal size of the NiO/AC, NiO–MnO/AC and Na _(2) SiO _(3) –NiO–MnO/AC catalysts were 13.87, 28.38 and 39.64 nm, respectively, whereas their Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface areas were 23.78, 12.69 and 16.8 m ~(2) g ~(?1) , respectively. To confirm the incorporation of active metallic species (Ni, Mn, Na and SiO) into the carbon surface, we performed X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. TPD-NH _(3) absorption showed that the Na _(2) SiO _(3) –Ni–MnO/AC catalysts substantially increased in the active sites and exhibited higher acidity. FESEM images showed the morphology of the surface, pore sizes and agglomeration of the catalysts. Moreover, the vibrating sample magnetometer depicted that the Na _(2) SiO _(3) –Ni–MnO/AC catalyst was ferrimagnetic with magnetisation and magnetic saturation values of 40.27 and 86.04 emu g ~(?1) , respectively. The optimal reaction conditions were as follows: PFAD/methanol ratio of 16?:?1, 2 wt% mass of the catalyst, temperature of 120 °C and time of 4 h. Using the synthesised nanomagnetic catalyst exhibited 96% conversion of PFAD to methyl esters. Furthermore, the Na _(2) SiO _(3) –Ni–MnO/AC catalyst was easily separated from the reaction mixture using an external magnet and was recycled six times. The modified nanomagnetic catalyst could be an efficient catalyst for discarded feedstocks for biodiesel production.
机译：由于人为紊乱导致的环境恶化已成为科学家和工程师的主要关注点。本研究通过用空果束（EFBs）作为前体开发新型纳米磁性碳酸固体酸催化剂来响应令人担忧。 EFB被磺化以获得酸性EFBs（AEFBs）。进行浸渍方法以掺入金属氧化物，即NiO，MnO和Na _（2）SiO_（3），在AEFBS上。该方法导致三个纳米磁性催化剂，即Na _（2）SiO _（3）-NiO-mnO / Ac，NiO-mnO / Ac和NiO / Ac。根据X射线衍射分析，NiO / Ac，NiO-MnO / Ac和Na _（2）SiO_（3）-NiO-mnO / Ac催化剂的晶体尺寸分别为13.87,28.38和39.64nm，虽然他们的Brunauer-Emmett-Talker表面积分别为23.78,12.69和16.8M〜（2）G〜（？1）。为了确认将活性金属物质（Ni，Mn，Na和SiO）掺入碳表面，我们进行了X射线光电子能谱。 TPD-NH _（3）吸收表明，Na _（2）SiO_（3）-NI-MnO / Ac催化剂在活性位点基本上增加并表现出更高的酸度。 FeSEM图像显示了催化剂的表面，孔径和凝聚的形态。此外，振动样品磁力计描绘了Na _（2）SiO _（3）-NI-MnO / AC催化剂的磁化和磁饱和值分别为40.27和86.04 emu g〜（α1）的磁性饱和值。最佳反应条件如下：PFAD /甲醇比为16？：α1,2wt％催化剂质量，温度为120℃和4小时的时间。使用合成的纳米磁性催化剂表现出96％的PFAD转化为甲酯。此外，使用外部磁铁容易地将Na _（2）SiO _（3）-NI-MNO / AC催化剂容易与反应混合物分离，并再循环六次。改性的纳米磁性催化剂可以是用于生物柴油生产的废弃原料的有效催化剂。

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