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Use of exosomes as vectors to carry advanced therapies

机译：使用外来物作为载体，以携带先进的疗法

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Exosomes are microvesicles of nanometric size involved in the communication between cells and tissues. Inside their bilipidic membrane they carry nucleic acids such as cargos (DNA, miRNA, etc. ). Some of the advantages that make exosomes very attractive therapeutic vehicles are (i) their tropism through different tissues, (ii) the ability to pass biological barriers and (iii) the protection of the encapsulated material from the immune system and degradation. Viruses are some of the most widely employed gene therapy vehicles; however, they are still facing many problems, such as inefficient tropism to damaged areas and their elimination by the immune system. One of the functions attributed to exosomes is the elimination of substances that could be harmful to the cell, including viruses. Recently it has been investigated whether complete viruses or part of them could be encapsulated in exosomes, for a new viral-exosome gene therapy approach. Moreover, nanotechnology is another type of advanced therapy (together with gene and cell therapies) that can be used, among other utilities, to transfer genetic material. Recently the field of encapsulation of nanomaterials in exosomes, with or without gene transfer, is increasing. In this review we will summarize all of those studies.
机译：外泌体是纳米尺寸的微铅，涉及细胞和组织之间的通信。在其双哌啶膜内，它们携带核酸，例如尸体（DNA，miRNA等）。使外来物质具有非常有吸引力的治疗车辆的一些优点是（i）通过不同组织的热性，（ii）通过生物屏障和（iii）保护包封材料免受免疫系统和降解的能力。病毒是一些最广泛使用的基因治疗车辆;然而，它们仍然面临着许多问题，例如损坏地区的效率低下，并通过免疫系统消除。归因于外来物的功能之一是消除可能对细胞有害的物质，包括病毒。最近，已经研究了对外泌体的完全病毒或部分中的一部分，用于新的病毒外外科基因治疗方法。此外，纳米技术是另一种类型的晚期治疗（以及基因和细胞疗法），其可以在其他公用设施中使用以转移遗传物质。最近，在外来体中的纳米材料封装领域，有或没有基因转移，正在增加。在本次审查中，我们将总结所有这些研究。

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