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Trapping of different stages of BaTiO3 reduction with LiH

机译:用LIH诱捕BATIO3减少的不同阶段

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We investigated the hydride reduction of tetragonal BaTiO _(3) using LiH. The reactions employed molar H?:?BaTiO _(3) ratios of 1.2, 3, and 10 and variable temperatures up to 700 °C. The air-stable reduced products were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and ~(1) H magic-angle spinning (MAS) NMR spectroscopy. Effective reduction, as indicated by the formation of dark blue to black colored, cubic-phased, products was observed at temperatures as low as 300 °C. The product obtained at 300 °C corresponded to oxyhydride BaTiO _(~2.9) H _(~0.1) , whereas reduction at higher temperatures resulted in simultaneous O defect formation, BaTiO _(2.9? x ) H _(0.1) □ _( x ) , and eventually – at temperatures above 450 °C – to samples void of hydridic H. Concomitantly, the particles of samples reduced at high temperatures (500–600 °C) display substantial surface alteration, which is interpreted as the formation of a TiO _( x ) (OH) _( y ) shell, and sintering. Diffuse reflectance UV-VIS spectroscopy shows broad absorption in the VIS-NIR region, which is indicative of the presence of n-type free charge carriers. The size of the intrinsic band gap (~3.2 eV) appears only slightly altered. Mott–Schottky measurements confirm the n-type conductivity and reveal shifts of the conduction band edge in the LiH reduced samples. Thus LiH appears as a versatile reagent to produce various distinct forms of reduced BaTiO _(3) with tailored electronic properties.
机译:我们研究了使用LIH的四字体BATIO _(3)的氢化物降低。反应使用摩尔H?:α(3)比率为1.2,3和10的比例,可变温度高达700℃。通过粉末X射线衍射(PXRD),扫描电子显微镜,热重分析(TGA),X射线荧光(XRF),〜(1)H魔角旋转(Mas)NMR(MAS)NMR的空气稳定的减少产品光谱学。有效减少,如暗蓝色到黑色的暗蓝色,立方相位,在低至300℃的温度下观察到产物。在300℃下获得的产物对应于烯酐BATIO _(〜2.9)H _(〜0.1),而在较高温度下减少导致同时缺损形成,BATIO _(2.9?x)H _(0.1)□_( X),最终 - 在450℃的温度下 - 对于氢化物H的样本空隙,伴随着,样品颗粒在高温下降低(500-600°C)显示出实质性的表面改变,这被解释为形成A的形成TiO _(x)(OH)_(y)壳和烧结。弥漫反射率UV-Vis光谱显示在Vis-Nir区域中具有宽吸收,这表明存在n型游离电荷载体。内在带隙(〜3.2eV)的大小仅略微改变。 Mott-Schottky测量确认了N型导电性,并揭示了LIH减少样本中的导通带边的偏移。因此,LIH表示为多功能试剂,以产生具有量身定制的电子特性的各种不同形式的减少的BATIO _(3)。

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