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Wide-range work-function tuning of active graphene transparent electrodes via hole doping

机译：通过孔掺杂的主动石墨烯透明电极的宽范围工作功能调整

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Graphene is regarded as a potential candidate to replace the transparent conductive (TC) electrodes that are currently used in various optoelectronic applications. However, there is still a lack of methods by which to achieve low sheet resistance ( R _(s) ) with stable doping and work functions with a wide range of tunability, which is significant for band alignment at the interface to enhance charge transport and thus to achieve higher device performance. We developed a novel strategy for preparing a TC electrode by doping layer-by-layer (LBL)-stacked graphene with AuCl _(3) , by which means an excellent TC performance (an R _(s) of 40 ohm sq ~(?1) at a transmittance ( T ) of 89.5%) and an extremely wide range of work-function tunability (～1.5 eV) were successfully achieved. Moreover, a hybrid electrode prepared by transferring doped graphene onto a pre-patterned Cu metal mesh exhibited a low resistance of ～4.9 ohm sq ~(?1) . In addition, we monitored the long-term stability of AuCl _(3) -doped graphene for 6 months and also constructed a model for accelerated degradation testing. The relevant mechanism of charge transfer between the graphene and the dopants was characterized based on X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra to elucidate degradation observed after long-term testing. This work contributes a novel type of “active electrode”; the doped graphene film not only serves as a high-performance TC electrode but also provides a wide range of tunable work functions. The proposed active electrode is prepared using a scalable and facile doping process, which paves the way for its usage in applications such as optoelectronic devices.
机译：石墨烯被认为是替代目前用于各种光电应用的透明导电（Tc）电极的潜在候选。然而，仍然缺乏缺乏方法，可以实现具有稳定掺杂和工作功能的低薄层电阻（R _（S）），具有宽范围的可调性，这对于界面处的带对准具有重要意义，以增强电荷运输和因此，实现更高的设备性能。我们开发了一种通过用AuCl _（3）掺杂逐层（LBL）袋石墨烯制备TC电极的新策略，其意味着优异的TC性能（40欧姆Sq〜（ 1）在89.5％的透射率（t），成功实现了极宽的工作功能可调性（〜1.5eV）。此外，通过将掺杂的石墨烯转移到预图案化的Cu金属网上，含有杂交电极表现出低电阻〜4.9欧姆Sq〜（α1）。此外，我们监测了AuCl _（3） - 掺杂的石墨烯的长期稳定性6个月，并且还构建了加速降解测试的模型。基于X射线光电子能谱（XPS）光谱，表征了石墨烯和掺杂剂之间的电荷转移机制，以阐明长期试验后观察到的降解。这项工作有助于一种新型的“有源电极”;掺杂的石墨烯薄膜不仅用作高性能TC电极，还提供各种可调功效。所提出的活性电极是使用可伸缩和容易的掺杂工艺制备的，该方法为其在诸如光电器件的应用中铺平了道路。

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