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Precise determination of the nanoparticle concentration and ligand density of engineered water-soluble HgSe fluorescent nanoparticles

机译：精确测定工程水溶性HGSE荧光纳米粒子的纳米颗粒浓度和配体密度

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HgSe nanoparticles (NPs) have been recognized as the ultimate product of mercury detoxification in biological systems. However, the exact mechanism of their formation and distribution in animals is not understood, and thus well-characterized engineered NPs would be invaluable to investigate such metabolic products. In this work, HgSe NPs were sonochemically synthesized and transferred for the first time to aqueous media using dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA) as a capping ligand. A thorough characterization of the engineered HgSe NPs was carried out. Different complementary analytical techniques, including high resolution-transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), provided information about the morphology and crystal structure of the NPs. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX) analysis were used in order to assess the chemical composition and purity of the same HgSe NPs. Moreover, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential determinations and asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) coupled on-line to fluorescence and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) detectors confirmed that the DHLA ligands were bound onto the surface of the NPs making them stable in aqueous solutions. Fluorescence measurements evidenced that the engineered NPs exhibit a photoluminescence emission centred at 575 nm. Finally, the Se/Hg molar ratio of the NPs was accurately and precisely determined by ICP-MS to be 0.96 ± 0.03. Such valuable information was used to precisely determine the nanoparticle concentration in aqueous solution (in terms of number of nanoparticles per unit volume) and the ligand density, in terms of number of DHLA molecules per nanoparticle (2500 ± 125).
机译：Hgse纳米颗粒（NPS）被认为是生物系统中汞排毒的最终产物。然而，没有理解其在动物中形成和分布的确切机制，因此特征在于特征的工程NPS是值得研究这些代谢产物的无价值。在这项工作中，HGSE NPS在多种化学上合成并首次将二氢甲酸（DHLA）作为封端配体的水性介质转移。进行了工程化的HGSE NPS的彻底表征。不同的互补分析技术，包括高分辨率透射电子显微镜（HR-TEM）和X射线粉衍射（XRD），提供了关于NPS的形态和晶体结构的信息。使用X射线光电子体光谱（XPS）和能量分散X射线光谱仪（EDX）分析以评估相同Hgse NP的化学成分和纯度。此外，傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR），核磁共振（NMR），动态光散射（DLS），Zeta电位确定和不对称流场 - 流场分级（AF4）耦合到荧光和电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP-MS）检测器证实DHLA配体在NPS的表面上结合，使其在水溶液中稳定。荧光测量证明了工程的NPS表现出以575nm为中心的光致发光排放。最后，通过ICP-MS精确且精确地测定NPS的SE / Hg摩尔比为0.96±0.03。这些有价值的信息用于精确地确定水溶液中的纳米颗粒浓度（根据每单位体积的纳米颗粒的数量）和配体密度，就每纳米粒子的DHLA分子的数量（2500±125）。

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