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Solution chemistry-based nano-structuring of copper dendrites for efficient use in catalysis and superhydrophobic surfaces

机译：基于溶液化学的纳米结构，用于有效使用催化作用和超疏水表面

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Despite their performance and economic advantages over Ag and Au, there have been no focused research efforts on the nano-structuring of Cu dendrites with respect to fine-tuning their structure/morphology towards the efficiency enhancement of suitable applications. Reported here is a simple, versatile, environmentally-friendly and galvanic replacement reaction-based solution chemistry methodology to synthesize highly nano-structured copper dendrites targeted towards the efficiency enhancement of desired applications. Herein, copper is deposited galvanically on an Al foil in the presence of NaCl/HCl, wherein the chloride anions augment an uninterrupted replacement reaction. The growth process of Cu dendrites has been probed in detail. The presence of acid, the type of Cu ~(2+) precursor salt, the Cu ~(2+) ion concentration, the surfactant concentration and the reaction temperature are all demonstrated to provide useful means of modulating the surface structure/morphology of the dendrites. Notably, dendrites formed in the presence of acid are found to be highly nano-structured. Moreover, it is also found that the morphology/structure of the obtained Cu deposit depends considerably upon the choice of the Cu ~(2+) precursor salt, a parameter that has been completely overlooked in the past. The acid-induced nano-structuring of the dendrites is exploited for enhancing their efficiency in the catalytic reduction of para -nitrophenol and for fabricating self-cleaning superhydrophobic surfaces. These nano-structured dendrites are demonstrated to have the highest ever normalized rate constant for the catalytic reduction reaction. Superhydrophobic surfaces fabricated using these dendrites demonstrate excellent self-cleaning abilities, showing a high contact angle (159°) with low contact angle hysteresis (2°). This facile synthetic strategy for the fabrication of highly nano-structured Cu dendrites is expected to open up avenues for the production of Cu-based low-cost functional nano/micro-materials.
机译：尽管对AG和AU的表现和经济优势相比，但是对于Cu Dendrites的纳米结构，尽管对Cu Dendrites的纳米结构朝着微调其结构/形态的效率提高了合适应用的效率而产生了重点的研究。此处报告是一种简单，多功能，环保的和基于电流置换反应的溶液化学方法，以合成靶向所需应用的效率增强的高度纳米结构铜枝晶。在此，在NaCl / HCl存在下，在存在NaCl / HCl的情况下在Al箔上沉积铜，其中氯化物阴离子增加了不间断的替代反应。 Cu Dendrites的生长过程已经详细探讨。酸，Cu〜（2+）前体盐的类型，Cu〜（2+）离子浓度，表面活性剂浓度和反应温度都证明，提供了调节表面结构/形态的有用手段树突。值得注意的是，发现在酸存在下形成的树突是高度纳米结构的。此外，还发现所得Cu沉积物的形态/结构在选择Cu〜（2+）前体盐时显着取决于，过去已经完全忽略的参数。利用酸诱导的树突纳米结构，用于提高催化还原对硝基苯酚的催化还原和制造自清洁超细杂志的效率。将这些纳米结构的树枝状晶体证明具有最高的催化还原反应常规率恒定。使用这些树突制造的超疏水表面展示了出色的自清洁能力，显示出具有低接触角滞后（2°）的高接触角（159°）。该容易合成策略用于制备高度纳米结构的Cu树枝状体，预期为生产基于Cu的低成本功能纳米/微材料的途径。

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