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首页> 外文期刊>RSC Advances >Nanotoxicity of polyelectrolyte-functionalized titania nanoparticles towards microalgae and yeast: role of the particle concentration, size and surface charge
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Nanotoxicity of polyelectrolyte-functionalized titania nanoparticles towards microalgae and yeast: role of the particle concentration, size and surface charge

机译：聚电解质官能化二氧化钛纳米颗粒朝向微藻和酵母的纳米毒性：颗粒浓度，尺寸和表面电荷的作用

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We studied the nanotoxicity of titania nanoparticles (TiO _(2) NPs) of various hydrodynamic diameters and crystallite sizes towards C. reinhardtii microalgae and S. cerevisiae (yeast) upon illumination with UV and visible light. The cell viability was assessed for a range of nanoparticle concentrations and incubation times. We found that bare TiO _(2) NPs affect the C. reinhardtii cell viability at much lower particle concentrations than for yeast. We observed an increase of the TiO _(2) NPs toxicity upon illumination with UV light compared with that in dark conditions due to the oxidative stress of the produced reactive oxygen species. We also found an increased TiO _(2) NPs nanotoxicity upon illumination with visible light which indicates that they may also interfere with the microalgae's photosynthetic system leading to decreased chlorophyll content upon exposure to TiO _(2) NPs. The results indicate that the larger the hydrodynamic diameter of the TiO _(2) NPs the lower is their nanotoxicity, with anatase TiO _(2) NPs generally being more toxic than rutile TiO _(2) NPs. We also prepared a range of polyelectrolyte-coated TiO _(2) NPs using a layer by-layer method and studied their nanotoxicity towards yeast and microalgae. We found that the toxicity of the coated TiO _(2) NPs changes with their surface charge. TiO _(2) NPs coated with cationic polyelectrolyte as an outer layer exhibit much higher nanotoxicity than the ones with an outer layer of anionic polyelectrolyte. TEM images of sectioned microalgae and yeast cells exposed to different polyelectrolyte-coated TiO _(2) NPs confirmed the formation of a significant build-up of nanoparticles on the cell surface for bare and cationic polyelectrolyte-coated TiO _(2) NPs. The effect comes from the increased adhesion of cationic nanoparticles to the cell walls. Significantly, coating the TiO _(2) NPs with anionic polyelectrolyte as an outer layer led to a reduced adhesion and much lower nanotoxicity due to electrostatic repulsion with the cell walls. This suggest a new way of making cationic TiO _(2) NPs safer for use in different formulations by pre-coating them with anionic polyelectrolytes. The results of this study give important insights into the various factors controlling the nanotoxicity of TiO _(2) NPs.
机译：我们研究了二氧化钛纳米颗粒的纳米毒性（TiO _（2）NPS）各种流动直径和微晶尺寸，朝向紫外线和可见光照射时的雷皮特菌微藻和S.酿酒酵母（酵母）。评估细胞活力的一系列纳米颗粒浓度和孵育时间。我们发现裸晶_（2）NPS在低于酵母的颗粒浓度下影响C. Reinhardtii细胞活力。对于用紫外线光照相而言，我们观察到TiO _（2）NPS毒性的增加与产生的反应性氧的氧化应激相比，在紫外线下的照明中。我们还发现含有可见光照明时的TiO _（2）NPS纳米毒性，表明它们也可能干扰微藻的光合体系，导致在暴露于TiO _（2）NPS时降低叶绿素含量。结果表明，TiO _（2）NP的流体动力直径越小是它们的纳米毒性，锐钛矿TiO_（2）NP通常比金红石TiO _（2）NP更毒性。我们还使用层替代方法制备了一系列聚电解质涂覆的TiO _（2）NPS，并将其纳米毒性朝向酵母和微藻进行研究。我们发现涂层TiO _（2）NPS的毒性随着表面电荷而变化。 TiO_（2）涂有阳离子聚电解质作为外层的NPS表现出比具有阴离子聚电解质外层的纳米毒性高得多。细胞段微藻和酵母细胞暴露于不同聚电解质涂覆的TiO _（2）NPS的TEM图像证实了形成在细胞表面上的纳米颗粒的显着积聚，用于裸露和阳离子聚电解质涂覆的TiO _（2）NPS。该效果来自阳离子纳米颗粒的粘附性增加到细胞壁。显着地，通过阴离子聚电解质涂覆TiO _（2）NPS作为外层，由于与细胞壁的静电排斥引起的粘附性和低得多的纳米毒性。这表明通过用阴离子聚电解质预涂覆不同配方的制造阳离子TiO _（2）NPS更安全的新方法。该研究的结果对控制TiO _（2）NPS的纳米毒性的各种因素具有重要的见解。

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