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Valorization of cellulose and waste paper to graphene oxide quantum dots

机译：纤维素和废纸储存到石墨烯氧化物量子点

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Biobased graphene oxide quantum dots (GOQD) were derived from cellulose via carbon nanospheres (CN) as intermediate products. Solid CN were synthesized from cellulose through microwave-assisted hydrothermal degradation of α-cellulose with H _(2) SO _(4) as a catalyst at 160 °C. The obtained CN were further utilized for the synthesis of GOQD by a two-step reaction including 30 minutes of sonication followed by heating at 90 °C under O-rich acidic conditions (HNO _(3) ). This process broke down the 3D CN to 2D GOQD. The size of the synthesized GOQD was controlled by the heating time, reaching a dot diameter of 3.3 nm and 1.2 nm after 30 and 60 minutes of heating, respectively. The synthesis process and products were characterized by multiple analytical techniques including FTIR, TGA, SEM, TEM, XPS, XRD, BET, DLS and AFM. Interesting optical properties in aqueous solutions were demonstrated by UV/Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. Finally we demonstrated that corresponding GOQD can be synthesized from waste paper. This production route thus uses renewable and cheap starting materials and relatively mild synthesis procedures leads to instant nanometric production of 2D dots. In addition it enables recycling of low quality waste to value-added products.
机译：生物化的石墨烯氧化物量子点（GOQD）通过碳纳米球（CN）作为中间产物衍生自纤维素。通过纤维素通过微波辅助水热降解α-纤维素的α-纤维素与H _（2）所以_（4）作为催化剂合成固体CN作为160℃的催化剂。通过包括30分钟的超声处理，然后在富含O富含酸性条件下加热（HNO _（3）），进一步用于通过包括30分钟的混乱的两步反应合成GoQD的CN。此过程将3D CN折断到2D GoQD。通过加热时间控制合成的GoQD的尺寸，分别在加热30和60分钟后达到3.3nm和1.2nm的点直径。合成过程和产品的特征在于多种分析技术，包括FTIR，TGA，SEM，TEM，XPS，XRD，BET，DLS和AFM。通过UV / VI和荧光光谱证明了水溶液中有趣的光学性质。最后，我们证明了相应的GoQD可以从废纸合成。因此，该生产路线使用可再生和廉价的起始材料，并且相对温和的合成程序导致瞬间纳米产生的2D点。此外，它可以将低质量废物回收给增值产品。

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