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首页> 外文期刊>Sensors >Towards an Autonomous Industry 4.0 Warehouse: A UAV and Blockchain-Based System for Inventory and Traceability Applications in Big Data-Driven Supply Chain Management ?
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Towards an Autonomous Industry 4.0 Warehouse: A UAV and Blockchain-Based System for Inventory and Traceability Applications in Big Data-Driven Supply Chain Management ?

机译：迈向自治工业4.0仓库：大型数据驱动供应链管理中的无人机和基于区块链条的库存和可追溯性应用系统？

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Industry 4.0 has paved the way for a world where smart factories will automate and upgrade many processes through the use of some of the latest emerging technologies. One of such technologies is Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), which have evolved a great deal in the last years in terms of technology (e.g., control units, sensors, UAV frames) and have significantly reduced their cost. UAVs can help industry in automatable and tedious tasks, like the ones performed on a regular basis for determining the inventory and for preserving item traceability. In such tasks, especially when it comes from untrusted third parties, it is essential to determine whether the collected information is valid or true. Likewise, ensuring data trustworthiness is a key issue in order to leverage Big Data analytics to supply chain efficiency and effectiveness. In such a case, blockchain, another Industry 4.0 technology that has become very popular in other fields like finance, has the potential to provide a higher level of transparency, security, trust and efficiency in the supply chain and enable the use of smart contracts. Thus, in this paper, we present the design and evaluation of a UAV-based system aimed at automating inventory tasks and keeping the traceability of industrial items attached to Radio-Frequency IDentification (RFID) tags. To confront current shortcomings, such a system is developed under a versatile, modular and scalable architecture aimed to reinforce cyber security and decentralization while fostering external audits and big data analytics. Therefore, the system uses a blockchain and a distributed ledger to store certain inventory data collected by UAVs, validate them, ensure their trustworthiness and make them available to the interested parties. In order to show the performance of the proposed system, different tests were performed in a real industrial warehouse, concluding that the system is able to obtain the inventory data really fast in comparison to traditional manual tasks, while being also able to estimate the position of the items when hovering over them thanks to their tag’s signal strength. In addition, the performance of the proposed blockchain-based architecture was evaluated in different scenarios.
机译：行业4.0为一个智能工厂将通过使用一些最新的新兴技术来实现智能工厂的世界铺平了道路。这样的技术是无人驾驶飞行器（无人机），在技术方面已经在过去几年中发挥了很大的事项（例如，控制单元，传感器，无人机框架）并且具有显着降低其成本。无人机可以帮助行业以自动和繁琐的任务，如定期执行的，以确定库存和保存项目可追溯性。在这些任务中，特别是当它来自不受信任的第三方时，必须确定收集的信息是否有效或真实。同样，确保数据可靠性是一个关键问题，以利用大数据分析来供应链效率和有效性。在这种情况下，区块链，另一个行业4.0技术在金融等其他领域变得非常受欢迎，有可能在供应链中提供更高水平的透明度，安全性，信任和效率，并能够使用智能合同。因此，在本文中，我们展示了针对自动化库存任务的基于UV的系统的设计和评估，并保持附加到射频识别（RFID）标签的工业项目的可追溯性。为了面对当前的缺点，这种系统是在多功能的，模块化和可扩展的架构下制定的，旨在加强网络安全和分散，同时促进外部审计和大数据分析。因此，该系统使用区块链和分布式分类帐来存储由UAVS收集的某些库存数据，验证它们，确保其可靠性并使其可供感兴趣的各方使用。为了展示所提出的系统的性能，在真正的工业仓库中进行了不同的测试，结论是系统能够与传统的手动任务相比，系统能够获得库存数据，同时也能够估计位置由于其标签的信号强度，在它们上徘徊时的物品。此外，在不同场景中评估了基于区块链的架构的性能。

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