Background: Urinary schistosomiasis is a serious public health challenge in some communities of Ebonyi State, south-east Nigeria, partly resulting from a lack of adequate epidemiological data for the institution of effective control strategies. Objective: This study evaluated the prevalence and risk factors of urinary schistosomiasis in rural communities of Ebonyi State, south-east Nigeria. Methods: A total of 300 students, comprising 185 boys and 115 girls, were randomly selected for the study between July and December 2016. A questionnaire was administered to all participants to determine the risk factors for the disease in the area. Urine specimens collected from the participants were processed by sedimentation and examined microscopically for the eggs of Schistosoma haematobium . Results: The overall prevalence rate for urinary schistosomiasis was 8.0%. Students aged 6–10 years had the highest prevalence of infection (10.3%). The prevalence was significantly higher amongst male students (10.3%; p = 0.038) compared with female students (4.4%). Logistic regression analysis showed a significant association between schistosomiasis infection and freshwater contact activities ( p = 0.007; odds ratio = 1.89; 95% confidence interval: 4.33–16.17). Contact with stream, pond, river and well water were associated with infection rates of 25%, 14%, 5.3%, and 4.4%, respectively. Conclusion: A relatively low prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis was found in the area. Participants’ socio-economic status and dependence on contaminated water sources were core modifiable risk factors. Health education and development of potable water infrastructure, amongst other interventions, would likely reduce the burden and transmission of urinary schistosomiasis in this locality.
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机译：背景：尿血吸虫病是乌尼州东南尼日利亚伊伯利州的一些社区的严重公共卫生挑战，部分原因是缺乏有效控制策略制度的充足流行病学数据。目的：本研究评估了东南尼日利亚东南部乌尼州乌尼州农村社区尿血吸虫病的患病率和危险因素。方法：在7月和12月至2016年12月，共有300名患有185名男孩和115名女孩的学生，为所有参与者进行了调查问卷，以确定该地区疾病的危险因素。从参与者收集的尿型由沉淀处理，并针对血吸虫血症卵的卵进行显微镜。结果：泌尿血吸虫病的总流行率为8.0％。 6-10岁的学生具有最高的感染患病率（10.3％）。男性学生（10.3％; P = 0.038）与女学生相比，患病率明显高于（4.4％）。物流回归分析显示血吸虫病感染和淡水接触活动之间的显着关联（P = 0.007;差距= 1.89; 95％置信区间：4.33-16.17）。与溪流，池塘，河流和井水的接触分别与25％，14％，5.3％和4.4％的感染率相关。结论：该地区发现了尿血吸虫病的相对较低的患病率。参与者的社会经济地位和对受污染水源的依赖性是核心可修改的危险因素。其他干预措施在其他干预措施中，饮用水基础设施的健康教育和发展可能会降低这种地方尿血吸虫病的负担和传播。
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