Continuous measurements of atmospheric mercury concentration and speciation play a key role in identifying mercury sources and its behavior in the atmosphere. In this study, speciated atmospheric mercury including gaseous elemental mercury (GEM), reactive gaseous mercury (RGM) and particle-bound mercury (PBM) were continuously measured at Miyun, a rural site in Beijing, China, from December 2008 to November 2009. The average GEM, RGM and PBM concentrations were found to be 3.22 ± 1.74, 10.1 ± 18.8 and 98.2 ± 112.7 pg m?3, respectively, about 2–20 times higher than the background concentration of the Northern Hemisphere. The results indicated that atmospheric mercury concentrations in northern China were highly affected by anthropogenic emissions. The atmospheric mercury showed obvious seasonal variations, with the highest seasonal average GEM concentration in summer (3.48 ng m3) and the lowest value in winter (2.66 ng m3). In autumn and winter a diurnal variation of GEM was observed, with peak levels in the late afternoon till midnight. Most of the high RGM concentration values occurred in the afternoon of all seasons due to the higher oxidation. The PBM concentration was higher in early morning of all seasons because of the the temperature inversion that increases in depth as the night proceeds. The ratio of GEM to CO indicates that residential boilers play an important role in the elevation of GEM in winter. The ratio of RGM to O3 could be an indicator of the contribution of local primary sources. The ratio of PBM to PM2.5 reveals that the air mass from the east and southwest of the site in spring and summer carries more atmospheric mercury. The HYSPLIT back-trajectory analysis indicated that the monitoring site is affected by local, regional and interregional sources simultaneously during heavy pollution episodes. The results from the potential source contribution function (PSCF) model indicate that the atmospheric transport predominantly from the northwest contributes to the elevated atmospheric mercury in winter and autumn, while the North China Plain (NCP) region and the northern part of the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region are the major source areas for mercury pollution in spring and summer.
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机译：常压汞浓度和形态的连续测量在识别汞来源及其在大气中的行为方面发挥着关键作用。在本研究中，在2008年12月至2009年11月，在中国北京农村遗址中，在Miyun，从2009年12月，在中国北京的农村遗址，在Miyun连续测量包括气态元素汞（GEM），反应性气态汞（RGM）和颗粒状汞（PBM）的规格的大气汞。发现平均宝石，RGM和PBM浓度为3.22±1.74,10.1±18.8和98.2±112.7 pgm≤3，比北半球背景浓度高约2-20倍。结果表明，中国北方的大气汞浓度受到人为排放的高度影响。大气汞显示出明显的季节变化，夏季季节性平均GEM集中最高（3.48 ng m3）和冬季最低值（2.66 ng m3）。在秋冬，观察到宝石的昼夜变异，下午晚期达到午夜的峰值水平。由于氧化较高，所有季节的下午发生了大多数高RGM浓度值。由于温度倒置在夜间收益的深度增加，PBM浓度在所有季节的清晨更高。宝石与CO的比例表明住宅锅炉在冬季初期起着重要作用。 RGM与O3的比率可以是局部主要来源贡献的指标。 PBM与PM2.5的比例揭示了春夏网站的东部和西南部的空气质量更具常规汞。 Hysplit的回溯轨迹分析表明，监测网站受重污染发作期间同时受当地，区域和区域间来源的影响。潜在源贡献函数（PSCF）模型的结果表明，冬季和秋季的大气运输主要来自西北部的大气汞升高，而华北平原（NCP）地区和长江三角洲北部的北部（YRD）地区是春夏汞污染的主要源区。
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