Widely validated research has established that various co-morbidities, including cardiovascular disease, malignancies, liver/renal disease, and neurocognitive decline, appear earlier and with greater frequency in people with HIV (PWH) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) compared to HIV-negative individuals with otherwise similar risk factors. Moreover, higher levels of inflammatory biomarkers and persistently low CD4 T-cell counts have been associated with these comorbidities and with early mortality, despite virologic suppression attributable to ART [1]. Strategies to intensify or modify ART have not been successful in reducing inflammation or improving CD4 T-cell counts.
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