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>Salinity, not genetic incompatibilities, limits the establishment of the invasive hybrid cattail Typha?×?glauca in coastal wetlands
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Salinity, not genetic incompatibilities, limits the establishment of the invasive hybrid cattail Typha?×?glauca in coastal wetlands
Hybrids of a single pair of parent species can be much more common in some geographical regions than in others. The reasons for this are not well understood, but could help explain processes such as species diversification or the range expansion of invasive hybrids. The widespread cattails Typha latifolia and T.?angustifolia seldom hybridize in some parts of their range, but in other areas produce the dominant hybrid T.?×?glauca. We used a combination of field and greenhouse experiments to investigate why T.?×?glauca has invaded wetlands in the Laurentian Great Lakes region of southern Ontario, Canada, but is much less common in the coastal wetlands of Nova Scotia (NS) in eastern Canada. One potentially important environmental difference between these two regions is salinity. We therefore tested three hypotheses: (1) T. latifolia and T. angustifolia in NS are genetically incompatible; (2) the germination or growth of T.?×?glauca is reduced by salinity; and (3) T. latifolia, a main competitor of T.?×?glauca, is locally adapted to saline conditions in NS. Our experiments showed that NS T. latifolia and T. angustifolia are genetically compatible, and that saline conditions do not impede growth of hybrid plants. However, we also found that under conditions of high salinity, germination rates of hybrid seeds were substantially lower than those of NS T. latifolia. In addition, germination rates of NS T. latifolia were higher than those of Ontario T. latifolia, suggesting local adaptation to salinity in coastal wetlands. This study adds to the growing body of literature which identifies the important roles that local habitat and adaptation can play in the distributions and characteristics of hybrid zones.
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机译：一对父母物种的杂种在某些地理区域中可能比其他地区更常见。对此的原因尚不清楚，但可以帮助解释物种多样化或侵入式混合动力车的范围扩展等过程。普遍的Cattails Typha Latifolia和T.Angustifolia很少在其范围内的某些部分杂交，但在其他领域产生显性的杂交T.?Liauca。我们使用领域和温室实验的组合来调查为什么T.?Llauca在加拿大南部的劳伦特岛大湖地区侵犯了湿地，但在东部的新斯科舍（NS）的沿海湿地中不那么常见加拿大。这两个地区之间的一个可能重要的环境差异是盐度。因此，我们测试了三个假设：（1）T. Latifolia和NS中的Angustifolia在遗传上不相容; （2）盐度降低了T.? Glauca的发芽或生长; （3）T. Latifolia是T.? Glauca的主要竞争者，是在NS的盐水条件下局部适应。我们的实验表明，NS T. Latifolia和T.Angustifolia在遗传上相容，并且盐水条件不会妨碍杂交植物的生长。然而，我们还发现，在高盐度的条件下，杂化种子的萌发速率明显低于NS T. Latifolia的萌发率。此外，NS T. Latifolia的萌发率高于Ontario T. Latifolia那些，表明局部适应沿海湿地的盐度。该研究增加了越来越多的文学体系，它确定了当地栖息地和适应在混合地区的分布和特征中可以发挥的重要作用。
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