Nitrogen (N) losses from field crops have raised environmental concerns. This manuscript accompanies a database of N loss studies from non-legume field crops conducted across the conterminous United States. Cumulative N losses through nitrous oxide-denitrification (CN2O), ammonia volatilization (CNH3), and nitrate leaching (CNO3?) during the growing season and associated crop, soil, and water management information were gathered to determine the extent and controls of these losses. This database consisted of 404, 26, and 358 observations of CN2O, CNH3, and CNO3? losses, respectively, from sixty-two peer-reviewed manuscripts. Corn (Zea mays) dominated the N loss studies. Losses ranged between ?0.04 to 16.9, 2.50 to 50.9, and 0 to 257 kg N ha?1 for CN2O, CNH3 and CNO3?, respectively. Most CN2O and CNO3? observations were reported from Colorado (n = 100) and Iowa (n = 176), respectively. The highest values of CN2O, and CNO3? were reported from Illinois and Minnesota states, and corn and potato (Solanum tuberosum), respectively. The application of anhydrous NH3 had the highest value of CN2O loss, and ammonium nitrate had the highest CNO3? loss. Among the different placement methods, the injection of fertilizer-N had the highest CN2O loss, whereas the banding of fertilizer-N had the highest CNO3? loss. The maximum CNO3? loss was higher for chisel than no-tillage practice. Both CN2O and CNO3? were positively correlated with fertilizer N application rate and the amount of water input (irrigation and rainfall). Fertilizer-N management strategies to control N loss should consider the spatio-temporal variability of interactions among climate, crop-and soil types.
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机译：来自田间作物的氮气（n）损失提高了环境问题。此手稿伴随着在整个孔雀石的非豆科野手作物中的N损失研究数据库。聚集在生长季节和相关作物，土壤和水管理信息期间，通过氧化亚氮硝化（CN2O），氨挥发（CNH3），氨挥发（CNO3）和硝酸盐浸出（CNO3？）累积N损失，以确定这些损失的程度和控制。该数据库由404,26和358个CN2O，CNH3和CNO3的观察组成？亏损分别来自六十二次审查的稿件。玉米（Zea Mays）主导了N损失研究。损失在0.04至16.9,2.50至50.9和50.9和0至257kg n H HO 2之间，分别用于CN2O，CNH3和CNO3α.大多数CN2O和CNO3？从科罗拉多州（n = 100）和iowa（n = 176）报告了观察结果。 CN2O和CNO3的最高值？从伊利诺伊州和明尼苏达州的州和玉米和土豆（Solanum Tuberosum）报道。无水NH 3的施用具有CN2O损失的最高值，硝酸铵具有最高的CNO3？损失。在不同的放置方法中，注射肥料-N的CN2O损失最高，而肥料-N的扎带具有最高的CNO3？损失。最大CNO3？对于凿子而言，损失比无耕作实践更高。 CN2O和CNO3都是？与肥料N施用率和水投入量（灌溉和降雨）呈正相关。控制丧失的肥料-N管理策略应考虑气候，作物和土壤类型之间的相互作用的时空变异。
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