Background: Ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) reconstruction (UCLR) and repair (UCLr) are the gold standards in the treatment of?UCL injuries. Although return-to-play timelines after UCLR have been established, pitching biomechanical variables are speculated to change after surgical intervention. Purpose/Hypothesis: To synthesize the literature and investigate changes in pitching biomechanics in baseball pitchers after UCLR or UCLr. We hypothesized that differences in pitching biomechanics would be observed for both intra- and interpatient comparisons. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: We searched 4 electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, SCOPUS, and Sports Medicine & Education Index) from inception to February 2020. Data extracted included author and year of publication, study design, sample size, study population, and primary outcome variables. Meta-analysis was performed to produce random pooled effect sizes (?). Results: We identified 1010 original articles for inclusion. A total of 5 studies were included in the systematic review; of these, 3 studies were included in the meta-analysis. No differences were found in shoulder range of motion (ROM) between post-UCLR and control pitchers (dominant arm external rotation ?, 0.13°; 95% CI,?–0.15° to 4.02°; P = .36); dominant arm internal rotation ?,?–0.20°; 95% CI,?–0.74° to 0.35°; P = .48). Mean fastball velocity as well as pitches thrown decreased after UCLR in professional pitchers. Significant differences in elbow extension, elbow extension velocity, and shoulder internal rotation velocity were found among amateur pitchers. Conclusion: The results of this systematic review and meta-analysis show that limited differences exist in pitchers before and after UCLR as well as in post-UCLR pitchers and healthy, age-matched controls. UCLR may influence throwing velocity, but it had no effect on either the throwing biomechanics or theROM of baseball pitchers. Although trends appear to be forming, further evidence is needed to understand the effect of UCLR on throwing biomechanics.
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机译：背景：Ulnar副韧带（UCL）重建（UCLR）和修复（UCLR）是治疗ucl伤害的金标准。虽然建立了UCLR后的返回时间表，但拟拟抛光生物力学变量在手术干预后改变。目的/假设：在UCLR或UCLR之后综合文献和研究棒球投手中的投球生物力学的变化。我们假设介绍和内部间隙和介入性比较，将观察到俯仰生物力学的差异。研究设计：系统评价;证据级别，3.方法：从20020年2月搜索4个电子数据库（PubMed，Scopus和体育医学和教育指数）。提取的数据包括作者和出版的年，研究设计，样品大小，学习人口和主要结果变量。进行META分析以产生随机汇集效果大小（？）。结果：我们确定了1010篇原始文章，用于包容。共有5项研究中包含在系统审查中;其中，在Meta分析中包含3项研究。在后UCLR和控制投手之间的肩部运动范围内没有发现偶然的差异（主导臂外旋转？，0.13°; 95％CI，α - 0.15°至4.02°; P = .36）;主导臂内部旋转？，？ - 0.20°; 95％CI，α - 0.74°至0.35°; p = .48）。在专业投手的UCLR之后，平均快速速度以及投入的间距降低。在业余投手之间发现了肘部延伸，肘部延伸速度和肩部内旋转速度的显着差异。结论：该系统审查和荟萃分析的结果表明，在UCLR之前和之后的投手以及UCLR产物和健康，年龄匹配的对照中的投手中存在有限的差异。 UCLR可能影响呕吐速度，但它对投掷生物力学或棒球投手没有影响。虽然趋势似乎是形成的，但需要进一步的证据来了解UCLR对扔生物力学的影响。
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