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>On-Site VIS-NIR Spectral Reflectance and Colour Measurements—A Fast and Inexpensive Alternative for Delineating Sediment Layers Quantitatively? A Case Study from a Monumental Bronze Age Burial Mound (Seddin, Germany)
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On-Site VIS-NIR Spectral Reflectance and Colour Measurements—A Fast and Inexpensive Alternative for Delineating Sediment Layers Quantitatively? A Case Study from a Monumental Bronze Age Burial Mound (Seddin, Germany)
Quantitative sediment analyses performed in the laboratory are often used throughout archaeological excavations to critically reflect on-site stratigraphic delineation. Established methods are, however, often time-consuming and expensive. Recent studies suggest that systematic image analysis can objectivise the delineation of stratigraphic layers based on fast quantitative spectral measurements. The presented study examines how these assumptions prevail when compared to modern techniques of sediment analysis. We examine an archaeological cross-section at a Bronze Age burial mound near Seddin (administrative district Prignitz, Brandenburg, Germany), consisting of several layers of construction-related material. Using detailed on-site descriptions supported by quantitatively measured sediment properties as a measure of quality, we compare clustering results of (i) extensive colour measurements conducted with an RGB and a multispectral camera during fieldwork, as well as (ii) selectively sampled sedimentological data and (iii) visible and near infrared (VIS-NIR) hyperspectral data, both acquired in the laboratory. Furthermore, the influence of colour transformation to the CIELAB colour space (Commission Internationale de lEclairage) and the possibilities of predicting soil organic carbon (SOC) based on image data are examined. Our results indicate that quantitative spectral measurements, while still experimental, can be used to delineate stratigraphic layers in a similar manner to traditional sedimentological data. The proposed processing steps further improved our results. Quantitative colour measurements should therefore be included in the current workflow of archaeological excavations.
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机译：在实验室中进行的定量沉积物分析通常在整个考古挖掘过程中使用，以批判性地反映现场地层描绘。然而，建立的方法通常是耗时和昂贵的。最近的研究表明，系统图像分析可以根据快速定量光谱测量来理解地层层描绘。本研究研究了与现代沉积物分析技术相比，这些假设如何普遍存在。我们在Seddin（行政区Prignitz，德国勃兰登堡，德国勃兰登堡）附近的青铜时代埋葬土墩的考古横截面，包括几层与建筑有关的材料。使用通过定量测量的沉积物属性支持的详细的现场描述作为质量的量度，我们将在FIRESWORK期间使用RGB和多光谱相机进行的（i）传导的广泛颜色测量的聚类结果，以及（ii）选择性地采样的沉积学数据进行了比较（iii）可见和近红外（Vis-nir）高光谱数据，都在实验室中获得。此外，检查了基于图像数据的颜色转化对Cielab颜色空间（委托Internationale de Leclairage）的影响以及预测土壤有机碳（SoC）的可能性。我们的结果表明，定量光谱测量，同时仍然是实验性的，可以用与传统沉积学数据类似的方式描绘地层层。建议的处理步骤进一步提高了我们的结果。因此，定量颜色测量应包括在考古挖掘的当前工作流程中。
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