In this paper, a detailed study of the modes of hidden failures (HFs) in protection systems is carried out, and probabilistic modeling methodology is used for analyzing the impact of HFs on the power system cascading events. Further, the probabilistic model of HFs based on impedance and line power flow is hypothesized for qualitative evaluation of HF s impact on power system cascading disruptions. Numerous case studies have been carried out on the IEEE-118 bus system to assess the effect of HFs by fitting the probability model of line outage based on impedance and power flow. This analysis has successfully identified the most sensitive transmission lines in the network which are having the highest tendency to trip in case of protective system HFs. Also, it has been shown that the probability of major blackouts will be reduced to a more significant extent if the self-checking and monitoring features are incorporated into digital relays. The qualitative analysis of protection system HFs could be helpful in planning, service and maintenance scheduling of a power system as well as determining the locations where an investment warrants the protection system reliability.
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