In order to enable the micro-nanosatellites equipped with microthrusters to better complete various space applications, it is necessary to estimate the thrust performance of the microthrusters in real-time on orbit. This paper proposes a real-time on-orbit estimation method for microthrust based on high-precision orbit determination. By establishing a high-precision orbit dynamic model, the microthrust generated by a microthruster is modeled as a first-order Markov model, combined with a high-precision GNSS measuring device, and the satellite position is obtained through the cubature Kalman filter algorithm, velocity, and thrust real-time on-orbit estimates. For a thrust of 100? μ N, the error accuracy of the on-orbit estimation is 3.98%; for a thrust of 500? μ N, the error accuracy is 1.79%; for a thrust of 5?mN, the error accuracy can be reduced to 1.43%; and when the thrust is 500? μ N, the accuracy of orbit determination is 16?cm. This method solves the problem that the traditional on-orbit thrust estimation method cannot perform real-time on-orbit estimation of microthrust on the order of hundreds of μ N. The real-time on-orbit estimation of microthrust of micro-nanosatellites equipped with microthrusters of the order of hundreds of micronewtons or even several mN to tens of mN has certain reference value.
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