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A Conceptual Model and Evaluating Experiments for Studying the Effect of Soil Deformation on Its Permeability

机译：一种概念模型和评估研究土壤变形对其渗透性的影响

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Soil structure and void ratio are the major factors that control the permeability changes during soil deformation. In this research, we proposed and tested a conceptual model considering these two factors based on the concept of permeability anisotropy. This model, which is expressed as k ( e ) graph, determines the total k values that soil can achieve and shows that as deformation proceeds, soil permeability passes through a specific zone in the k ( e ) graph. Thus, by deforming a soil sample, measuring its permeability during deformation, and comparing the results using the k ( e ) graph, it might be possible to predict deformation effects on the permeability. To evaluate this conceptual model, we designed and built a special apparatus to carry out two sets of experiments. The first set was performed to achieve the k ( e ) graph during static compression based on the conceptual model; and the second set was conducted to investigate the permeability changes relative to k ( e ) graph during simple shear deformation in constant volume condition. Our results show that the theoretical k ( e ) graph agrees more with the measured k ( e ) graph in medium to dense samples that might have no macropore. In addition, particles’ preferential orientation and/or anisotropic permeability were not changed during shear deformation due to three possible causes: deformation done in constant volume deformation, relatively low shear strain, and shearing along particle orientation. Void ratio and particle orientation are associated with each other, and soil shearing with constant void ratio might cause the anisotropy of permeability to be relatively constant. Thus, it is needed to design and build a new complex apparatus or use a special method for testing how permeability changes within the k ( e ) graph zone during soil deformation.
机译：土壤结构和空隙率是控制土壤变形过程中渗透性变化的主要因素。在这项研究中，我们提出并测试了考虑到这两个因素的概念模型，基于渗透性各向异性的概念。该模型表示为K（e）图，确定了土壤可以实现的总K值并表明作为变形进行，土壤渗透率通过K（e）图中的特定区域。因此，通过使土样样品变形，测量变形期间的渗透性，并使用K（e）图的比较结果，可以预测对渗透性的变形效应。为了评估这种概念模型，我们设计并制造了一款特殊设备来执行两组实验。在基于概念模型的静态压缩期间，执行第一组以在静态压缩期间实现k（e）曲线图;并进行第二组以在恒定体积条件下简单的剪切变形期间研究相对于K（e）曲线图的渗透性变化。我们的研究结果表明，理论k（e）图与培养基中的测量k（e）图相同意，含有巨大的样品。此外，由于三种可能的原因，颗粒在剪切变形期间不会改变颗粒的优先取向和/或各向异性渗透性：在恒定体积变形，相对低的剪切菌株中进行变形，沿颗粒取向剪切。空隙率和粒子取向彼此相关，并且具有恒定空隙率的土壤剪切可能导致渗透性的各向异性相对恒定。因此，需要设计和构建新的复杂设备或使用特殊方法来测试土壤变形期间K（e）曲线区域内的渗透性变化。

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