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Water quality indicators of the Nima Creek, and potential for sustainable urban agriculture in Ghana

机译：Nima Creek的水质指标，以及加纳可持续城市农业的潜力

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Urban and peri-urban agriculture, a widely accepted practice of food cultivation in urban centers contributes to positive environment. It has the benefits of job creation, increased access to healthy and affordable food, and important means of improving community health. Use of wastewater or disturbed surface water for urban agriculture is a common practice in the developing world due to lack of adequate infrastructure and widespread poverty. This study assessed the urban water quality parameters of the Nima Creek, a major water resource for peri-urban and urban farming in Southeastern Accra. Water sampled from six locations along the NE – SW stretch of the creek were evaluated for physicochemical parameters including pH, conductivity, Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), cations, zinc, iron, oil and grease, Biological Oxygen demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen demand (COD). Results show high enrichment of nutrients, ammonia (NH3), nitrate (NO3), and phosphate (PO4) as well as elevated levels of BOD, COD, and grease at sites receiving solid and liquid wastes. The physicochemical parameters such as conductivity, TSS, and TDS exhibited periods of elevated values that were congruent with seasonal rainfall patterns within the catchment area. Sodium concentration ranged from 32 to 297 mg/L. Nitrate levels generally ranged from 1.5 to 7.13 mg/L. The cation concentrations showed broad temporal and spatial variation characteristic of disturbed surface freshwater. Principal component analysis of the data discriminated four distinct components accounting for 63.6% of the total variance. The component plots constrained three major classes explaining the physical quality of the water and two other groups defining nutrient and alkalinity levels in the water.
机译：城市和城市农业，城市中心的广泛接受的食品培养实践有助于积极的环境。它具有创造业的好处，增加了对健康和经济的食物的获得，以及改善社区健康的重要手段。由于缺乏充足的基础设施和广泛的贫困，所以在发展中国家的污垢或城市农业表面水的使用是一种常见的做法。本研究评估了Nima Creek的城市水质参数，是东南部的围城市和城市农业的主要水资源。评价沿着NE - SW拉伸的六个地点采样的水被评价物理化学参数，包括pH，电导率，总悬浮固体（TSS），总溶解固体（TDS），阳离子，锌，铁，油和油脂，生物氧需求（BOD），化学需氧量（COD）。结果表明营养素的高浓缩，氨（NH 3 ），硝酸盐（NO 3 ）和磷酸盐（PO 4 ）以及升高接受固体和液体废物的部位的BOD，COD和油脂水平。诸如电导率，TSS和TDS的物理化学参数表现出升高值的升高值，这些值与集水区内的季节性降雨模式一致。钠浓度范围为32至297mg / L.硝酸盐水平通常为1.5至7.13 mg / L.阳离子浓度显示出令人不安的表面淡水的宽度时间和空间变化特性。数据的主要成分分析禁用四个不同的组分占总方差的63.6％。组分曲线约束三个主要类，解释水的物理质量和两个其他群体在水中定义营养和碱度水平的群体。

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