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Neural Stem Cells Therapy to Treat Neurodegenerative Diseases

机译:神经干细胞治疗神经变性疾病的治疗

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Neural stem cells have the ability to proliferation, differentiate and renew, which plays an important role in the growth, maturation and senescence of the human brain. But according to researches, neural stem cells in the brain do not remain active throughout an organism's lifetime. Many neural stem cells become dormant when the brain matures, and may be activated when the body is sick to selectively heal the disease. In recent years, there are many studies on neural stem cells. Joshua[1] and Ting Zhang[2] show that neurodegenerative diseases such as ischemic stroke, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease can be improved by the transplantation of neural stem cells, however the specific mechanism is not clear. This paper investigates three main questions: Why neural stem cell transplantation is chosen as a treatment? Where does NSCs derive from in clinical transplantation? How does neural stem cell transplantation treat brain diseases? And we also figure out the answers to these three questions. Firstly, transplantation of hypothalamic NSCs can delay the process of aging in the host, and Chemokines and EVs which secreted by neural stem cells can delay aging and defend neurodegenerative diseases. Secondly, the sources of NSCs can be divided into three types. The first is to isolate NSCs from primary tissue and cultivate them in vitro. The second is to produce the required cells by inducing pluripotent stem cells and embryonic stem cells. The third way to get NCS is through transdifferentiation of somatic cells. Thirdly, in brain diseases, transplanted NSCs can migrate from the aggregation site to the site of the disease, reducing damage to the blood-brain barrier, repairing learning and memory abilities that depend on the hippocampus and secreting neurotrophic factors.
机译:神经干细胞具有增殖,分化和更新的能力,其在人脑的生长,成熟和衰老中起重要作用。但根据研究,大脑中的神经干细胞在整个生物的寿命中不会保持活跃。当脑成熟时,许多神经干细胞变得休眠,并且当体内生病以选择性地愈合这种疾病时可能被激活。近年来,有很多关于神经干细胞的研究。 Joshua [1]和Ting Zhang [2]表明,神经变性疾病如缺血性中风,阿尔茨海默病和帕金森病可以通过移植来改善神经干细胞,但具体机制尚不清楚。本文调查了三个主要问题:为什么选择神经干细胞移植作为治疗? NSCS在临床移植中源于哪些?神经干细胞移植如何治疗脑病?我们还弄清楚这三个问题的答案。首先,下丘脑NSCs的移植可以延迟宿主中的衰老过程,并且神经干细胞分泌的趋化因子和EVS可以延迟老化并防守神经变性疾病。其次,NSC的来源可以分为三种类型。首先是将NSC与初级组织分离并体外培养它们。第二种是通过诱导多能干细胞和胚胎干细胞产生所需的细胞。获得NCS的第三种方法是通过体细胞的转介化。第三,在脑病中,移植的NSC可以从聚集位点迁移到疾病的部位,从而降低血脑屏障的损害,修复依赖海马和分泌神经营养因子的学习和记忆能力。

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