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首页> 外文期刊>Acta veterinaria scandinavica >Anthelmintic resistance in small ruminants in the Nordic-Baltic region
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Anthelmintic resistance in small ruminants in the Nordic-Baltic region

机译：北欧波罗的地区小型反刍动物的抗性抗性

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Gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) in small ruminants result in production losses, and consequently economic losses, and are an animal welfare problem in most countries in the Nordic-Baltic region. Intensive use of anthelmintics to control helminth infections has led to anthelmintic resistance (AR), which has become a major issue in many European countries. Several studies have been performed in countries in the Nordic-Baltic region (e.g. Denmark, Sweden, Norway and Lithuania) showing increasing/emerging levels of AR. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the problem of AR on sheep and goat farms in the Nordic-Baltic region. This region has a limited number of registered anthelmintics. However, researchers in this area have discovered some surprising findings, such as ivermectin (IVM) resistance on a farm that had never used IVM. In Sweden there is evidence of macrocyclic lactone (ML)-resistant Haemonchus contortus being introduced with sheep imported from the Netherlands. As elsewhere in the world, the livestock trade appears to be contributing to the spread of AR in the region and isolated cases of multidrug-resistant cases have also been reported. This is surprising given that the frequency of treatments here is much lower than in other countries where sheep production is economically more important. The prevailing nematodes are Haemonchus, Teledorsagia and Trichostrongylus, while on some farms Haemonchus is dominant and clinical haemonchosis has increasingly been observed in recent decades. The reasons for this are unclear, but are probably related to this parasite’s propensity to rapidly develop drug resistance and a general lack of awareness of the problem, possibly in combination with global warming and the increased livestock trade within the EU. In addition, domestic interactions through contacts with wildlife ruminants, alpacas may also be a contributing factor for transmission of AR.
机译：小型反刍动物中的胃肠道线虫（杜松子酒）导致生产损失，因此经济损失，并且是北欧波罗的地区大多数国家的动物福利问题。强化使用Anthelmintics来控制Helminth感染导致了触发性抵抗（AR），这已成为许多欧洲国家的主要问题。在北欧波罗的海地区（例如丹麦，瑞典，挪威和立陶宛）的国家进行了几项研究，显示出增加/新兴水平的AR。本文的目的是概述北欧波罗的海地区绵羊和山羊农场的AR问题。该地区有有限数量的注册的Anthelmintics。然而，该地区的研究人员已经发现了一些令人惊讶的发现，例如从未使用过IVM的农场的伊维菌素（IVM）抗性。在瑞典，有证据表明宏循环内酯（ml）-Resistant haemonchus incortus被从荷兰进口的羊引入。与世界其他地方一样，牲畜贸易似乎有助于该地区的AR传播，并且还报告了多药用案件的孤立案例。鉴于此处的治疗频率远低于其他国家在经济上更重要的其他国家，这令人惊讶。普遍的线虫是豪穆梅丘斯，Teledolaragia和Trichostrongylus，而在一些农场上，Haemonchus是近几十年来越来越多地观察到的临床疾病。对此的原因尚不清楚，但与这种寄生虫的倾向迅速发展耐药性和对问题的一般意识，可能与全球变暖和欧盟的增加的牲畜贸易相结合。此外，国内通过与野生动物反刍动物的联系人的互动，羊驼也可以是AR传输的贡献因素。

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