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Characterizing social media manipulation in the 2020 U.S. presidential election

机译：在2020年美国总统选举中表征社交媒体操纵

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Democracies are postulated upon the ability to carry out fair elections, free from any form of interference or manipulation. Social media have been reportedly used to distort public opinion nearing election events in the United States and beyond. With over 240 million election-related tweets recorded between 20 June and 9 September 2020, in this study we chart the landscape of social media manipulation in the context of the upcoming 3 November 2020 U.S. presidential election. We focus on characterizing two salient dimensions of social media manipulation, namely (i) automation (e.g., the prevalence of bots), and (ii) distortion (e.g., manipulation of narratives, injection of conspiracies or rumors). Despite being outnumbered by several orders of magnitude, just a few thousands of bots generated spikes of conversations around real-world political events in all comparable with the volume of activity of humans. We discover that bots also exacerbate the consumption of content produced by users with their same political views, worsening the issue of political echo chambers. Furthermore, coordinated efforts carried out by Russia, China and other countries are hereby characterized. Finally, we draw a clear connection between bots, hyper-partisan media outlets, and conspiracy groups, suggesting the presence of systematic efforts to distort political narratives and propagate disinformation. Our findings may have impactful implications, shedding light on different forms of social media manipulation that may, altogether, ultimately pose a risk to the integrity of the election.
机译：民主国家在开展公平选举的能力时，摆脱了任何形式的干扰或操纵。据报道，据报道，已习惯于扭曲舆论临近美国及以后的选举活动。在2020年6月20日至9月9日至9月9日至9月9日期间录制了超过2.4亿元相关的推文，我们在2020年11月3日美国总统大选即将到来的环境中，我们将社会媒体操纵景观绘制。我们专注于表征两个社交媒体操纵的两个突出方面，即（i）自动化（例如，机器人的患病率），（ii）失真（例如，叙述的操纵，注射阴部或谣言）。尽管经过几种数量级数量，但只有数千人的机器人在所有与人类活动的活动相比上产生了围绕现实世界政治事件的阶梯。我们发现机器人也加剧了用户产生了同样的政治观点，恶化了政治回声厅的消费量。此外，特征在于，俄罗斯，中国和其他国家进行的协调努力。最后，我们在机器人，超级党派媒体网点和阴谋群体之间绘制了明确的联系，建议存在扭曲政治叙事并传播伪造的系统努力。我们的调查结果可能具有有影响力的影响，在不同形式的社交媒体操纵中脱落，可能完全是最终对选举的完整性构成风险。

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