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首页> 外文期刊>Oeno One >Effects of cover crops and irrigation on ‘Tempranillo’ grapevine and berry physiology: an experiment under the Mediterranean conditions of Southern Portugal
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Effects of cover crops and irrigation on ‘Tempranillo’ grapevine and berry physiology: an experiment under the Mediterranean conditions of Southern Portugal

机译：封面作物与灌溉对“紫花儿群”葡萄和浆果生理学的影响：葡萄牙南部地中海条件下的实验

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In addition to irrigation, other viticultural practices such as soil management can be applied to improve grapevine ( Vitis vinifera L.) quality responses and attenuate unfavourable environmental conditions. Cover crops in the interrow of irrigated vineyards change the dynamics of water extraction and it is expected that the patterns of vines’ water relations will be modified, also changing their productive responses. This study took place over two seasons in ‘Tempranillo’ grapevines in a vineyard in South Portugal, where a cover crop was sown in the inter-rows of half the study area (SCC) while maintaining resident vegetation in the remaining (RV). Five water regime treatments were applied: full irrigation (200 mm irrigation amount–I_(200)); moderate irrigation (150 mm–I_(150)); deficit irrigation (100 mm–I_(100)); ultra-deficit irrigation (50 mm–I_(50)); rainfed (I_(0)). Measurements of predawn leaf water potential (Ψ_(PD)), stomatal conductance (gs), photosynthetic rate (An), and transpiration rate (E) were made during the final stages of the growth cycle. Data of soil water availability, yield and growth variables, and berries and wine composition were also used. Significant interactions between the effect of soil management and water regime were observed on Ψ_(PD). A water competition effect exerted by the cover crop could be responsible for reduced water loss and carbon assimilation, whenever Spring rain is lower and/or the cover crop biomass development is not controlled. Differences in gs and An observed at midday and late measurements reflect the influence of the daily increase of atmospheric water demand. Stomatal closure of grapevines was less affected in plots of higher soil water storage capacity. The correlation between Ψ_(PD) and gs was higher in the midday and late measurements, pointing to the regulation of stomatal response in response to water availability and daily environmental conditions. Principal components analysis (PCA) evidenced an influence of water deficit on metabolic responses that benefit fruit and wine quality. The cluster analysis (CA) revealed that no significant cluster of cases was clearly controlled by soil management or water regime in the first season but, in the second, drier season, significant clustering more irrigation- than soil management-controlled showed that a predominant influence of irrigation should be expected for ‘Tempranillo’ grapevines grown under dry Mediterranean conditions.
机译：除了灌溉外，还可以应用土壤管理等其他葡萄栽培实践，以改善葡萄（血管血管血管血管L.）质量反应，并衰减不利的环境条件。封面作物在灌溉葡萄园的各种情况下改变了水提取的动态，预计将改变藤蔓水关系的模式，也改变了其生产力的反应。这项研究在南葡萄园的葡萄园中的“Tempranillo”葡萄树上进行了两个赛季，其中覆盖了一半的研究区（SCC）的覆盖作物，同时保持剩余（RV）中的居民植被。采用五种水分管治疗方法：全灌（200 mm灌溉量-I_（200））;中等灌溉（150 mm-I_（150））;赤字灌溉（100 mm-i_（100））;超赤字灌溉（50 mm-I_（50））;雨水（i_（0））。在生长循环的最终阶段进行预先预测叶片水电位（ψ（Pd）），气孔导率（GS），光合速率（E）。还使用土壤水可用性，产量和生长变量和浆果和葡萄酒组合物。在χ_（PD）上观察到土壤管理和水域效果之间的显着相互作用。覆盖作物施加的水竞争效应可能负责降低水分损失和碳同化，每当春雨较低和/或覆盖作物生物量发育时。在午间和晚期测量中观察到的GS和观察到的差异反映了日常水需求的日常增加的影响。葡萄牙气孔闭合在土壤储水能力较高的宽度下较小。 ψ_（Pd）和Gs之间的相关性在午间和晚期测量中更高，指向气孔反应的调节，以响应水可用性和日常环境条件。主要成分分析（PCA）证明了水资源缺陷对果实和葡萄酒质量的代谢反应的影响。集群分析（CA）透露，在第一季地，土壤管理或水域制度没有明显控制的大量案件，但在第二个干燥季节，大量的聚类比土壤管理控制更大的灌溉表明占主导地位的影响在干燥地中海条件下的“Tempranillo”葡萄藤中应预期灌溉。

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