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首页> 外文期刊>Open Journal of Ophthalmology >Prevalence of Myopia in Preschool and School Children in the Municipality of Prishtina in Kosovo
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Prevalence of Myopia in Preschool and School Children in the Municipality of Prishtina in Kosovo

机译：Kosovo Prishtina市幼儿园近视近视的患病率

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Introduction: Myopia is the refractive anomaly of the eye in which the conjugate focus of the retina is at some finite point in front of the eye, when the eye is not accommodating. Myopia is else known as short-sightedness and is considered as one of the most frequent causes of reduced vision especially in adolescents. Adolescence is one of the life periods when most cases are diagnosed with myopia. Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify myopia in pre-school and school children (3 - 9 years old in Prishtina), to determine the prevalence of myopia among other refractive anomalies in cases included in the study; compare the prevalence of myopia in this population in Prishtina to other countries in the world; determine the effect of hereditary and socio-economic factors on the prevalence of myopia; and determine the degrees of myopia in our cases included in our study. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study involving 1027 pre-school children and pupils from 4 schools in Prishtina, aged 3 - 9 years old, who were screened for refractive anomalies, with a special focus on the incidence of myopia in this age group. The data were collected by screening children in the institutions of pre-school and primary school education, including 2 primary schools and two kindergarten during a two-year period 2010-2012 in Prishtina. Results: On the screening of pre-school and school children for refractive anomalies, were included 1027 subjects of ages 3 - 9 years old. Of the 1027 children screened 536 (52.2%) were male and 491 (47.8%) were female. Statistically, the prevalence of refractive anomalies in the total population studied is significant based on the resulting value (P < 0.0001). In general, the prevalence of refractive anomalies in this study results in 164/103 with an interval of 141/103 in 186/103 for 95% CI. Based on the age, out of 168 patients identified with refractive anomalies, the prevalence of refractive anomalies was 9.9% in the patients of age 3 and 21.4% on the patients of age 7. The prevalence of myopia as a specific refractive anomaly was present in 33 cases 3.4%. Other patients were diagnosed with hypermetropia 37 cases (3.8%) and with astigmatism 44 cases (4.5%). Out of 33 cases with myopia, 20 cases or 60% were diagnosed with a slight degree myopia (myopia of first degree or -1.0 to -3.0 DS). 13 cases were diagnosed with intermediate degree myopia (-3 to -6 DS). There were no cases with severe myopia identified in this study. Conclusions: The Prishtina study is a report of prevalence of myopia among pre-school and school-age children in the municipality. The study reveals that refractive error and myopia were significantly common finding among the study group, and the prevalence was found to be even higher in children within the school age-group. The number of newly diagnosed myopia was significant, suggesting the need for a robust school eye health programme, regular assessment of school children for refractive error and provision of timely refractive corrections.
机译：介绍：近视是眼睛的屈光异常，其中视网膜的共轭焦点在眼睛前方的某个有限点，当眼睛没有容纳。近视被称为短视，被认为是特别是在青少年中减少视力的最常见原因之一。青春期是当大多数病例被诊断出近视时的生命周期之一。目的：本研究的目的是识别学前和学龄儿童（Prishtina的3至9岁）的近视，以确定研究中包括其他屈光异常中的近视的患病率;比较近视在普利士蒂娜的近视对世界其他国家的患病率;确定遗传和社会经济因素对近视患病率的影响;并确定在我们研究中的案件中的近视程度。材料和方法：这是一个横断面研究，涉及来自Prishtina的4所学校的1027名学龄前儿童，年龄在3 - 9岁的学校，他被筛选为屈光异常，特别关注近视的发病率年龄阶层。通过筛选学前和小学教育机构中的儿童收集的数据，包括2010-2012在Prishtina的两年期间和两所小学和两个幼儿园。结果：关于屈光前和学龄儿童的筛查，包括1027岁的3至9岁科目。在1027名儿童中，筛选536（52.2％）是男性，491名（47.8％）是女性。统计上，研究的总群体中屈光异常的患病率基于所得值（P <0.0001）显着。一般而言，本研究中屈光异常的患病率在164/103中导致了141/103的间隔，186/103持续95％CI。基于年龄，在屈光异常鉴定的168名患者中，屈光异常的患病率为5岁和21.4％的屈光异常9.9％，患者为年龄较大的患者。近视作为特定屈光异常的患病率存在​​于此33例3.4％。其他患者被诊断出患有过度的37例（3.8％），散光44例（4.5％）。在近视33例中，20例或60％诊断出近视近视（第一度或-1.0至-3.0ds的近视）。用中间度近视（-3至-6ds）诊断为13例。本研究中确定了严重近视的病例。结论：PriShtina研究是在市前学前和学龄儿童中学生中近视的普遍存在的报道。该研究表明，研究组中的屈光误差和近视显着常见，并且在学龄集团内的儿童中发现普遍存在甚至更高。新诊断的近视人数都很重要，这表明需要强大的学校眼部健康计划，定期评估学童进行屈光误差和及时屈光折正。

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