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Implications of lithium to oxygen AMS-02 spectra on our understanding of cosmic-ray diffusion

机译：锂对氧气AMS-02光谱的影响对我们对宇宙射线扩散的理解

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We analyze recent AMS-02 comic-ray measurements of lithium, beryllium, boron, carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen. The emphasis of the analysis is on systematic uncertainties related to propagation and nuclear cross sections. To investigate the uncertainties in the propagation scenario, we consider five different frameworks, differing with respect to the inclusion of a diffusion break at a few GV, the presence of reacceleration, and the presence of a break in the injection spectra of primaries. For each framework we fit the diffusion equations of cosmic rays and explore the parameter space with Monte?Carlo methods. At the same time, the impact of the uncertainties on the nuclear production cross sections of secondaries is explicitly considered and included in the fit through the use of nuisance parameters. We find that all of the considered frameworks are able to provide a good fit. In particular, two competing scenarios—one including a break in diffusion but no reacceleration and the other with reacceleration but no break in diffusion—are both allowed. The inclusion of cross-section uncertainties is, however, crucial to this result. Thus, at the moment these uncertainties represent a fundamental systematic preventing a deeper understanding of the properties of cosmic-ray propagation. Nonetheless, we find that the slope of diffusion at intermediate rigidities is robustly constrained in the range δ ? 0.45 – 0.5 in models without convection, or δ ? 0.4 – 0.5 if convection is included in the fit. Furthermore, we find that the use of the AMS-02 beryllium data provides a lower limit on the vertical size of the Galactic propagation halo of z h ? 3 ? ? kpc .
机译：我们分析最近的锂，铍，硼，碳，氮和氧气的AMS-02漫画测量。分析的重点是与传播和核截面相关的系统不确定性。为了研究传播情景中的不确定性，我们考虑了五种不同的框架，相对于包含在几个GV的差异中的扩散断裂的不同之处在于，存在重子的存在，以及在初学的注射光谱中突破。对于每个框架，我们适合宇宙射线的扩散方程，并用蒙特探索参数空间？Carlo方法。与此同时，通过使用滋扰参数，明确地考虑并将不确定因素对核产量横断面的影响进行了明确地考虑并在契合中被明确地考虑并纳入。我们发现所有考虑的框架都能够提供良好的契合。特别是，两个竞争情景 - 包​​括在扩散中的突破，但没有反弹，另一个具有反射，但在扩散中没有断裂 - 都允许。然而，包含横截面的不确定性对此结果至关重要。因此，目前这些不确定性代表了一个基本的系统，阻止了更深入地了解宇宙射线繁殖的性质。尽管如此，我们发现中间刚性的扩散斜率在范围δ中鲁棒地约束？ 0.45 - 0.5在没有对流的模型中，或δ？ 0.4 - 0.5如果拟合中包含对流。此外，我们发现AMS-02铍数据的使用提供了Z H的银河系传播晕的垂直尺寸的下限？ 3？还KPC。

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