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Exploring the Universe with dark light scalars

机译：用深浅的标量探索宇宙

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We study the cosmology of the dark sector consisting of (ultra)light scalars. Since the scalar mass is radiatively unstable, a special explanation is required to make the mass much smaller than the UV scale. There are two well-known mechanisms for the origin of scalar mass. The scalar can be identified as a pseudo-Goldstone boson, whose shift symmetry is explicitly broken by nonperturbative corrections, like the axion. Alternatively, it can be identified as a composite particle like the glueball, whose mass is limited by the confinement scale of the theory because no scalar degree of freedom exists at high scales. In both cases, the scalar can be naturally light, but interaction behavior is quite different. The lighter the axion (glueball), the weaker (stronger) its interaction. As the simplest nontrivial example, we consider the dark axion whose shift symmetry is anomalously broken by the hidden non-Abelian gauge symmetry. After the confinement of the gauge group, the dark axion and the dark glueball get masses and both form multicomponent dark matter. We carefully consider the effects of energy flow from the dark gluons to the dark axions and derive the full equations of motion for the background and the perturbed variables. The effect of the dark axion–dark gluon coupling on the evolution of the entropy and the isocurvature perturbations is also clarified. Finally, we discuss the gravothermal collapse of the glueball subcomponent dark matter after the halos form, in order to explore the potential to contribute to the formation of seeds for the supermassive black holes observed at high redshifts. With the simplified assumptions, the glueball subcomponent dark matter with the mass of 0.01–0.1?MeV and the axion main dark matter component with the decay constant f a = O ( 10 15 – 10 16 ) ? ? GeV and the mass of O ( 10 ? 14 – 10 ? 18 ) ? ? eV can provide a hint on the origin of the supermassive black holes at high redshifts.
机译：我们研究由（Ultra）轻标量组成的黑暗扇区的宇宙学。由于标量质量是辐射性不稳定的，因此需要一种特殊的解释来使得质量小于UV刻度。标量质量的起源有两个众所周知的机制。标量可以被识别为伪金石玻色子，其换档对称性被非稳健校正明确地破坏，如轴。或者，可以将其识别为像胶球的复合颗粒，其质量受到理论的限制规模的限制，因为在高尺度上没有标量自由度。在这两种情况下，标量可以自然光，但相互作用行为是完全不同的。轴（胶球）打火机，较弱（更强）其相互作用。作为最简单的非活动示例，我们考虑由隐藏的非雅中规格对称性地破坏其移位对称的暗轴。在测量组的限制之后，暗轴和深色胶球肿块，都形成多组分暗物质。我们仔细考虑能量流动从黑暗泡沫到暗轴的影响，并导出背景和扰动变量的完整运动方程。还阐明了暗轴暗胶合胶耦合对熵的演化和等中心扰动的影响。最后，我们讨论了晕圈形式后胶球子组件暗物质的引物塌陷，以探讨促进在高射频中观察到的超大分类黑洞种子的潜力。通过简化的假设，胶球子组分暗物质，质量为0.01-0.1〜MeV和轴主暗物质成分，具有衰减常数F a = O（10 15 - 10 16）？还gev和o的质量（10？14 - 10？18）？还EV可以在高射频处提供暗示超大的黑洞的起源。

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