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Ceramic and Polymer Nanocomposites for Aerospace

机译：用于航空航天的陶瓷和聚合物纳米复合材料

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Nanocomposites, which have a 25 percent yearly growth rate owing to their multifunctional characteristics, are the materials of the twenty-first century. Researchers from all over the globe are drawn to them because of their unique design possibilities and characteristics. Nanocomposites are growing their promise in aerospace applications and future space missions due to their ability to combine desirable characteristics. The choice of nanocomposites’ ingredients (matrix and nanofillers) improves a number of desirable characteristics. Mechanical, thermal, electrical, chemical, and biodegradable characteristics are all important in aircraft applications. Chemical properties such as corrosion resistance or passiveness are critical. Aside from low weight, aerospace structures must have mechanical qualities such as strength, toughness, fatigue life, impact resistance, and scratch resistance in order to be designed. Low solar absorption, radiation resistance, high thermal emissivity, and electrical conductivity are all required for aircraft flying at high altitudes. Because nanocomposites are being used more often, disposing of them once they have served their purpose is a major problem. Apart from their practical qualities, biodegradable properties are also preferred. Few nanocomposites have emerged because of their environmental friendliness. Nanofillers with a modest volume of 1–5% can improve the characteristics of composite materials to a level equivalent to traditional microfillers with a volume of 15–40%. Nanofillers offer remarkable characteristics due to their defect-free fundamental structure at the crystal level. Nanomaterials are categorised according to their size. Iso-dimensional (threedimensional) nanoparticles, such as silica, metal particles, and semiconductor particles, have three dimensions at the nanoscale.Nanotubes, also known as whiskers, are a kind of two-dimensional nanoparticle having two dimensions on the nanometer scale (less than 100 nm) and a third dimension that forms an extended shape (aspect ratio greater than 100). Each form of nanofiller has its own set of benefits, drawbacks, and characteristics. Nanocomposites are divided into three groups (as are microcomposites) based on the kind of matrix used: polymer matrix nanocomposites (PMNCs), ceramic matrix nanocomposites (CMNCs), and metal matrix nanocomposites. Fibers, whiskers, platelets, and carbon nanotubes were used to overcome polymer matrix disadvantages such as poor modulus and shear strength (CNTs). Inorganic fillers improve.
机译：纳米复合材料由于其多功能特征而具有25％的年增长率，是二十一世纪的材料。由于其独特的设计可能性和特点，来自全球各地的研究人员被吸引到他们。纳米复合材料在航空航天应用和未来的空间任务中越来越多，由于它们结合所需的特征。纳米复合材料的成分（基质和纳米填料）的选择改善了许多所需的特性。机械，热，电气，化学和可生物降解特性在飞机应用中都很重要。耐腐蚀性或钝化等化学性质是至关重要的。除了低重量之外，航空航天结构必须具有机械质量，如强度，韧性，疲劳寿命，抗冲击性和耐刮擦性才能设计。太阳能吸收，辐射电阻，高热发射率和导电性都是在高海拔的飞机飞行所需的。因为纳米复合材料更频繁地使用，但一旦他们为他们提供了目的，他们就会处理它们是一个主要问题。除了它们的实际品质之外，还优选可生物降解的性质。由于环境友好，很少有纳米复合材料。适度1-5％的纳米填料可以将复合材料的特性提高到相当于传统微填种的水平，其体积为15-40％。纳米填充物由于晶体水平的无缺陷基础结构，提供了显着的特性。纳米材料按照尺寸进行分类。异尺寸（三＆＃x2;尺寸）纳米颗粒，例如二氧化硅，金属颗粒和半导体颗粒，在纳米载体中具有三个尺寸.Nanotubes，也称为晶须，是一种具有两个维度的二维纳米粒子纳米刻度（小于100nm）和形成延伸形状的第三尺寸（纵横比大于100）。每个形式的纳米填充物都有自己的益处，缺点和特征。基于所用基质的种类：聚合物基质纳米复合材料（PMNCS），陶瓷基质纳米复合材料（CMNC）和金属基质纳米复合材料，将纳米复合物分成三组（如微孔玻璃）。纤维，晶须，血小板和碳纳米管用于克服聚合物基质缺点，例如模量差和剪切强度（CNT）。无机填料改善。

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