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首页> 外文期刊>Applied Microbiology >Responses of Marine Diatom Skeletonema marinoi to Nutrient Deficiency: Programmed Cell Death
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Responses of Marine Diatom Skeletonema marinoi to Nutrient Deficiency: Programmed Cell Death

机译：海洋硅藻骨髓MARINII对营养缺陷的反应：编程细胞死亡

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Diatoms are important phytoplankton and contribute greatly to the primary productivity of marine ecosystems. Despite the ecological significance of diatoms and the importance of programmed cell death (PCD) in the fluctuation of diatom populations, little is known about the molecular mechanisms of PCD triggered by different nutrient stresses. Here we describe the physiological, morphological, biochemical, and molecular changes in response to low levels of nutrients in the ubiquitous diatom Skeletonema marinoi . The levels of gene expression involved in oxidation resistance and PCD strongly increased upon nitrogen (N) or phosphorus (P) starvation. The enzymatic activity of caspase 3-like protein also increased. Differences in mRNA levels and protein activities were observed between the low-N and low-P treatments, suggesting that PCD could have a differential response to different nutrient stresses. When cultures were replete with N or P, the growth inhibition stopped. Meanwhile, the enzymatic activity of caspase 3-like protein and the number of cells with damaged membranes decreased. These results suggest that PCD is an important cell fate decision mechanism in the marine diatom S. marinoi . Our results provide important insight into how diatoms adjust phenotypic and genotypic features of their cell-regulated death programs when stressed by nutrient limitations. Overall, this study could allow us to better understand the molecular mechanism behind the formation and termination of diatom blooms in the marine environment.IMPORTANCE Our study showed how the ubiquitous diatom S. marinoi responded to different nutrient limitations with PCD in terms of physiological, morphological, biochemical, and molecular characteristics. Some PCD-related genes (PDCD4, GOX, and HSP90) induced by N deficiency were relatively upregulated compared to those induced by P deficiency. In contrast, the expression of the TSG101 gene in S. marinoi showed a clear and constant increase during P limitation compared to N limitation. These findings suggest that PCD is a complex mechanism involving several different proteins. The systematic mRNA level investigations provide new insight into understanding the oxidative stress- and cell death-related functional genes of diatoms involved in the response to nutrient fluctuations (N or P stress) in the marine environment.
机译：硅藻是重要的浮游植物，并对海洋生态系统的初级生产力有贡献。尽管硅藻的生态意义和程序化细胞死亡（PCD）在硅藻群的波动中的重要性，但关于通过不同营养应力引发的PCD的分子机制知之甚少。在这里，我们描述了对普遍性硅藻土肿瘤Marinoi中低水平的营养成分的生理学，形态学，生物化学和分子变化。氧化抗性和PCD中所涉及的基因表达的水平在氮气（N）或磷（P）饥饿时强烈增加。 Caspase 3样蛋白的酶活性也增加。在低N和低P治疗之间观察到mRNA水平和蛋白质活性的差异，表明PCD可以对不同的营养应力具有差异响应。当培养物与N或P恢复时，生长抑制停止。同时，胱天蛋白酶3样蛋白的酶活性和膜损坏的细胞数量下降。这些结果表明，PCD是海洋硅藻渣中的重要细胞命运决策机制。我们的结果提供了对硅藻在营养限制强调时如何调整其细胞监管死亡计划的表型和基因型特征的重要见解。总体而言，这项研究可以让我们更好地了解海洋环境中硅藻盛开的形成和终止的分子机制。进度我们的研究表明，无处不在的硅藻土如何在生理，形态学方面与PCD作出不同的营养局限性。 ，生物化学和分子特性。与P缺乏诱导的那些相比，N缺乏症诱导的一些PCD相关基因（PDCD4，GOX和HSP90）相对较高。相比之下，与N限制相比，在P限制期间，S.Marinoi在S.Marinoi的表达显示出清晰恒定的增加。这些发现表明PCD是一种涉及几种不同蛋白质的复杂机制。系统的mRNA水平调查提供了新的洞察，以了解在海洋环境中丧失营养波动（N或P应力）的响应中涉及的抗氧化胁迫和细胞死亡相关功能基因。

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