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Streptomyces Endophytes Promote Host Health and Enhance Growth across Plant Species

机译：Streptomyces Endocophytes促进宿主健康，增强植物物种的生长

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Streptomyces bacteria are ubiquitous in soils and are well known for producing secondary metabolites, including antimicrobials. Increasingly, they are being isolated from plant roots, and several studies have shown they are specifically recruited to the rhizosphere and the endosphere of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana . Here, we test the hypothesis that Streptomyces bacteria have a beneficial effect on A. thaliana growth and could potentially be used as plant probiotics. To do this, we selectively isolated streptomycetes from surface-washed A. thaliana roots and generated high-quality genome sequences for five strains, which we named L2, M2, M3, N1, and N2. Reinfection of A. thaliana plants with L2, M2, and M3 significantly increased plant biomass individually and in combination, whereas N1 and N2 had a negative effect on plant growth, likely due to their production of polyene natural products which can bind to phytosterols and reduce plant growth. N2 exhibits broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and makes filipin-like polyenes, including 14-hydroxyisochainin which inhibits the take-all fungus, Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici . N2 antifungal activity as a whole was upregulated ～2-fold in response to indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), suggesting a possible role during competition in the rhizosphere. Furthermore, coating wheat seeds with N2 spores protected wheat seedlings against take-all disease. We conclude that at least some soil-dwelling streptomycetes confer growth-promoting benefits on A. thaliana , while others might be exploited to protect crops against disease.IMPORTANCE We must reduce reliance on agrochemicals, and there is increasing interest in using bacterial strains to promote plant growth and protect against disease. Our study follows up reports that Arabidopsis thaliana specifically recruits Streptomyces bacteria to its roots. We test the hypotheses that they offer benefits to their A. thaliana hosts and that strains isolated from these plants might be used as probiotics. We isolated Streptomyces strains from A. thaliana roots and genome sequenced five phylogenetically distinct strains. Genome mining and bioassays indicated that all five have plant growth-promoting properties, including production of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), siderophores, and aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase. Three strains significantly increased A. thaliana growth in vitro and in combination in soil. Another produces potent filipin-like antifungals and protected germinating wheat seeds against the fungal pathogen Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici (wheat take-all fungus). We conclude that introducing Streptomyces strains into the root microbiome provides significant benefits to plants.
机译：链霉菌细菌在土壤中普遍存在，众所周知，用于产生次级代谢物，包括抗微生物。他们越来越多地从植物根中分离出来，几项研究表明它们被特异性招募到了植物拟南芥模型植物的根际和难度。在这里，我们测试了Streptomyces细菌对A型生长有利的假设，并且可能被用作植物益生菌。为此，我们选择性地从表面洗涤的A.拟南芥根系中分离出链霉菌，并产生五种菌株的高质量基因组序列，我们命名为L2，M2，M3，N1和N2。 A.拟南芥植物的重新加入L2，M2和M3的单独植物生物质和组合显着增加，而N1和N2对植物生长产生负面影响，可能由于它们生产的多烯天然产物，可以与植物甾醇结合并减少植物生长。 N2表现出广谱抗微生物活性，并使菲律宾状多烯，包括抑制所有真菌的14-羟基氨基氨基，Gaeumannomyces Graminis var。 Tritici。 N 2作为整体的抗真菌活性响应于吲哚-3-乙酸（IAA）而上调〜2倍，表明在根际竞争期间的可能作用。此外，用N2孢子保护小麦种子保护小麦幼苗免受疾病。我们得出结论，至少一些土壤居住的链霉菌霉菌赋予A. Thaliana的生长促进益处，而其他人可能会被剥削以保护作物免受疾病的影响。重要性我们必须减少对农业化学物质的依赖，并且使用细菌菌株的兴趣促进植物生长和防止疾病。我们的研究跟进了报告，拟南芥拟南芥具体促成其根系resots。我们测试他们为其A. Thaliana主持人提供益处的假设，并且可以使用来自这些植物中分离的菌株作为益生菌。我们从A. Thaliana Roots和基因组中分离出链霉菌菌株，并在5个系统源性不同的菌株中测序。基因组采矿和生物测定表明，所有五种都具有植物生长促进性能，包括吲哚-3-乙酸（IAA），施工团和氨基环丙烷-1-羧酸酯（ACC）脱氨酶的产生。三种菌株显着增加A.拟南芥在体外生长和土壤中的组合。另一个产生有效的菲律宾状抗真菌，并保护萌发小麦种子针对真菌病原体Gaeumannomyces Graminis var。 Tritici（小麦面食 - 所有真菌）。我们得出结论，将链霉菌菌株引入根微生物组中为植物提供了显着的益处。

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