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首页> 外文期刊>Applied Microbiology >Bacteria from the Genus Arcobacter Are Abundant in Effluent from Wastewater Treatment Plants
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Bacteria from the Genus Arcobacter Are Abundant in Effluent from Wastewater Treatment Plants

机译：来自Genus Arocobacter属的细菌在废水处理厂的流出物中丰富

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Pathogenic bacteria in wastewater are generally considered to be efficiently removed in biological wastewater treatment plants. This understanding is almost solely based on culture-based control measures, and here we show, by applying culture-independent methods, that the removal of species in the genus Arcobacter was less effective than for many other abundant genera in the influent wastewater. Arcobacter was one of the most abundant genera in influent wastewater at 14 municipal wastewater treatment plants and was also abundant in the “clean” effluent from all the plants, reaching up to 30% of all bacteria as analyzed by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Metagenomic analyses, culturing, genome sequencing of Arcobacter isolates, and visualization by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) confirmed the presence of the human-pathogenic Arcobacter cryaerophilus and A. butzleri in both influent and effluent. The main reason for the high relative abundance in the effluent was probably that Arcobacter cells, compared to those of other abundant genera in the influent, did not flocculate and attach well to the activated sludge flocs, leaving a relatively large fraction dispersed in the water phase. The study shows there is an urgent need for new standardized culture-independent measurements of pathogens in effluent wastewaters, e.g., amplicon sequencing, and an investigation of the problem on a global scale to quantify the risk for humans and livestock.IMPORTANCE The genus Arcobacter was unexpectedly abundant in the effluent from 14 Danish wastewater treatment plants treating municipal wastewater, and the species included the human-pathogenic A. cryaerophilus and A. butzleri . Recent studies have shown that Arcobacter is common in wastewater worldwide, so the study indicates that discharge of members of the genus Arcobacter may be a global problem, and further studies are needed to quantify the risk and potentially minimize the discharge. The study also shows that culture-based analyses are insufficient for proper effluent quality control, and new standardized culture-independent measurements of effluent quality encompassing most pathogens should be considered.
机译：废水中的病原细菌通常被认为在生物废水处理厂中有效地除去。这种理解几乎是基于基于文化的控制措施，在这里，我们通过应用文化无关的方法来表明，在arcobacter属中除去物种比流动废水中的许多其他丰富的属性效果较小。 Arocobacter是14个市政废水处理厂的流动废水中最丰富的金属族之一，并且在所有植物的“清洁”流出物中也丰富，达到所有细菌的30％，如16S rRNA基因扩增子测序分析。荧光杂交分析，培养，培养，基因组测序的分析，以及原位杂交（鱼）的可视化证实了人致病性arcobacter Cryerophilus和A.Butzleri的存在。污水中相对丰度的主要原因可能是与流入物中的其他丰富的属性相比，扩散细胞没有絮凝并与活化的污泥絮凝物相比，留下相对大的馏分分散在水相中。该研究表明迫切需要新的标准化文化无关测量的流出废水，例如扩增子测序以及全球范围内问题的调查，以量化人类和牲畜的风险。分析Arocobacter属在治疗城市废水的14个丹麦废水处理厂出乎意料地丰富了丰富的污水，这些物种包括人致病A.丧耳和A.Butzleri。最近的研究表明，Arcobacter在全球废水中常见，因此该研究表明，Arocobacter属的成员的排放可能是全局问题，并且需要进一步研究来量化风险并可能最小化排放。该研究还表明，基于培养基的分析不足以进行适当的流出质量控制，并且应考虑新的标准化文化无关测量包含大多数病原体的污水质量。

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