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首页> 外文期刊>Applied Microbiology >Substrate Use Prioritization by a Coculture of Five Species of Gut Bacteria Fed Mixtures of Arabinoxylan, Xyloglucan, β-Glucan, and Pectin
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Substrate Use Prioritization by a Coculture of Five Species of Gut Bacteria Fed Mixtures of Arabinoxylan, Xyloglucan, β-Glucan, and Pectin

机译：基材使用5种肠道细菌的共培养物的优先级，阿拉伯辛氧基喂养混合物，木糖葡聚糖，β-葡聚糖和果胶

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Dietary fiber provides growth substrates for bacterial species that belong to the colonic microbiota of humans. The microbiota degrades and ferments substrates, producing characteristic short-chain fatty acid profiles. Dietary fiber contains plant cell wall-associated polysaccharides (hemicelluloses and pectins) that are chemically diverse in composition and structure. Thus, depending on plant sources, dietary fiber daily presents the microbiota with mixtures of plant polysaccharides of various types and complexity. We studied the extent and preferential order in which mixtures of plant polysaccharides (arabinoxylan, xyloglucan, β-glucan, and pectin) were utilized by a coculture of five bacterial species ( Bacteroides ovatus , Bifidobacterium longum subspecies longum , Megasphaera elsdenii , Ruminococcus gnavus , and Veillonella parvula ). These species are members of the human gut microbiota and have the biochemical capacity, collectively, to degrade and ferment the polysaccharides and produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). B. ovatus utilized glycans in the order β-glucan, pectin, xyloglucan, and arabinoxylan, whereas B. longum subsp. longum utilization was in the order arabinoxylan, arabinan, pectin, and β-glucan. Propionate, as a proportion of total SCFAs, was augmented when polysaccharide mixtures contained galactan, resulting in greater succinate production by B. ovatus and conversion of succinate to propionate by V. parvula . Overall, we derived a synthetic ecological community that carries out SCFA production by the common pathways used by bacterial species for this purpose. Systems like this might be used to predict changes to the emergent properties of the gut ecosystem when diet is altered, with the aim of beneficially affecting human physiology.IMPORTANCE This study addresses the question as to how bacterial species, characteristic of the human gut microbiota, collectively utilize mixtures of plant polysaccharides such as are found in dietary fiber. Five bacterial species with the capacity to degrade polymers and/or produce acidic fermentation products detectable in human feces were used in the experiments. The bacteria showed preferential use of certain polysaccharides over others for growth, and this influenced their fermentation output qualitatively. These kinds of studies are essential in developing concepts of how the gut microbial community shares habitat resources, directly and indirectly, when presented with mixtures of polysaccharides that are found in human diets. The concepts are required in planning dietary interventions that might correct imbalances in the functioning of the human microbiota so as to support measures to reduce metabolic conditions such as obesity.
机译：膳食纤维为属于人类结肠微生物群的细菌物种提供生长底物。微生物酵母降解和发酵底物，产生特征性短链脂肪酸谱。膳食纤维含有植物细胞壁相关多糖（半纤维素和果胶），其在组成和结构中是化学多样的。因此，取决于植物来源，日粮纤维每日呈现微生物，具有各种类型的植物多糖的混合物和复杂性。我们研究了植物多糖（Arabinoxylan，木糖葡聚糖，β-葡聚糖和蛋白）的混合物的程度和优先顺序由五种细菌种类的共培养（Blocides Ovatus，双歧杆菌Longum亚种Longum，Megasphaera Elsdenii，Ruminococcus Gnavus和Veillonella parvula）。这些物种是人体肠道微生物群的成员，并具有生化能力，共同降解和发酵多糖并产生短链脂肪酸（SCFA）。 B. ovatus在β-葡聚糖，果胶，木糖葡聚糖和阿拉伯毒素中使用聚糖，而B. longum subsp。 Longum利用是在Arabinoxylan，阿拉伯南，果胶和β-葡聚糖的顺序。作为总SCFA的丙种比例，在多糖混合物含有半乳糖的情况下，通过B.Ovatus的琥珀酸盐产生更大的琥珀酸盐，并通过V.Parvula转化为丙酸酯。总体而言，我们衍生出一种合成生态社区，通过细菌物种用于此目的的常见途径进行SCFA生产。这样的系统可用于预测饮食改变时肠系生态系统的紧急性质的变化，目的是有利地影响人体生理学。分析本研究解决了人体肠道物种如何，人体肠道微生物的特征如何解决问题，共同利用植物多糖的混合物，例如在膳食纤维中发现。在实验中使用了五种具有降解聚合物和/或产生酸性发酵产物的能力的细菌种类。细菌表明，对其他多糖的优先使用用于生长，并且这影响了它们的发酵产量。这些研究对于开发肠道微生物群落的概念是必不可少的，直接和间接地，当呈现在人类饮食中发现的多糖混合物时。规划饮食干预措施可能需要纠正人类微生物群功能的不平衡，以支持措施，以减少肥胖等代谢条件。

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