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Steryl Ester Formation and Accumulation in Steroid-Degrading Bacteria

机译：Steryl酯形成和类固醇降解细菌的积累

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Steryl esters (SEs) are important storage compounds in many eukaryotes and are often prominent components of intracellular lipid droplets. Here, we demonstrate that selected Actino - and Proteobacteria growing on sterols are also able to synthesize SEs and to sequester them in cytoplasmic lipid droplets. We found cholesteryl ester (CE) formation in members of the actinobacterial genera Rhodococcus , Mycobacterium , and Amycolatopsis , as well as several members of the proteobacterial Cellvibrionales order. CEs maximally accumulated under nitrogen-limiting conditions, suggesting that steryl ester formation plays a crucial role for storing excess energy and carbon under adverse conditions. Rhodococcus jostii RHA1 was able to synthesize phytosteryl and cholesteryl esters, the latter reaching up to 7% of its cellular dry weight and 69% of its lipid droplets. Purified lipid droplets from RHA1 contained CEs, free cholesterol, and triacylglycerols. In addition, we found formation of CEs in Mycobacterium tuberculosis when it was grown with cholesterol plus an additional fatty acid substrate. This study provides a basis for the application of bacterial whole-cell systems in the biotechnological production of SEs for use in functional foods and cosmetics.IMPORTANCE Oleaginous bacteria exhibit great potential for the production of high-value neutral lipids, such as triacylglycerols and wax esters. This study describes the formation of steryl esters (SEs) as neutral lipid storage compounds in sterol-degrading oleaginous bacteria, providing a basis for biotechnological production of SEs using bacterial systems with potential applications in the functional food, nutraceutical, and cosmetic industries. We found cholesteryl ester (CE) formation in several sterol-degrading Actino - and Proteobacteria under nitrogen-limiting conditions, suggesting an important role of this process in storing energy and carbon under adverse conditions. In addition, Mycobacterium tuberculosis grown on cholesterol accumulated CEs in the presence of an additional fatty acid substrate.
机译：Steryl酯（SES）是许多真核生物中的重要储存化合物，并且通常是细胞内脂液滴的突出成分。在这里，我们证明，在甾醇上生长的选定的抗洋葱和植物体会也能够合成SES并在细胞质脂液滴中螯合它们。我们发现胆固醇酯（Ce）形成在猕猴桃属rhodococcus，分枝杆菌和杏仁糖尿上的成员中，以及植物细菌细胞的几个成员。在氮气限制条件下最大累积的CES，表明Steryl酯形成在不利条件下储存过量的能量和碳的作用起着至关重要的作用。 rhodococcus jostii rha1能够合成植物甾甘酯，后者达到其细胞干重的7％和其脂液滴的69％。 rha1含有CE，游离胆固醇和三酰基甘油的纯化的脂液滴。此外，我们在用胆固醇加上另外的脂肪酸底物生长时，我们发现在结核分枝杆菌中的CE形成。本研究为在生物技术生产中应用了细菌全细胞系统的基础，用于功能性食品和化妆品。容量分配的细菌表现出生产高价值中性脂质的巨大潜力，例如三酰基甘油和蜡酯。 。本研究描述了甾体酯（SES）作为甾醇降解的酸性细菌中性脂质储存化合物的形成，可使用具有功能性食品，营养品和化妆品行业的潜在应用的细菌系统提供SES的生物技术生产的基础。我们在氮气限制条件下发现了在几种甾醇降解的抗洋葱和植物中形成的胆固醇酯（CE）形成，这表明该方法在储存能量和碳在不利条件下的重要作用。此外，在额外的脂肪酸底物存在下，分枝杆菌在胆固醇累积CES上生长。

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