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Metals Alter Membership but Not Diversity of a Headwater Stream Microbiome

机译：金属改变会员，但不是散水流微生物群的多样性

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Metal contamination from mining or natural weathering is a common feature of surface waters in the American west. Advances in microbial analyses have created the potential for routine sampling of aquatic microbiomes as a tool to assess the quality of stream habitat. We sought to determine if microbiome diversity and membership were affected by metal contamination and identify candidate microbial taxa to be used to indicate metal stress in stream ecosystems. We evaluated microbiome membership from sediments at multiple sites within the principal drainage of an EPA superfund site near the headwaters of the Upper Arkansas River, Leadville, CO. From each sample, we extracted DNA and sequenced the 16S rRNA gene amplicon on the Illumina MiSeq platform. We used the remaining sediments to simultaneously evaluate environmental metal concentrations. We also conducted an artificial stream mesocosm experiment using sediments collected from two of the observational study sites. The mesocosm experiment had a two-by-two factorial design: (i) location (upstream or downstream of contaminating tributary), and (ii) treatment (metal exposure or control). We found no difference in diversity between upstream and downstream sites in the field. Similarly, diversity changed very little following experimental metal exposure. However, microbiome membership differed between upstream and downstream locations and experimental metal exposure changed microbiome membership in a manner that depended on origin of the sediments used in each mesocosm.IMPORTANCE Our results suggest that microbiomes can be reliable indicators of ecosystem metal stress even when surface water chemistry and other metrics used to assess ecosystem health do not indicate ecosystem stress. Results presented in this study, in combination with previously published work on this same ecosystem, are consistent with the idea that a microbial response to metals at the base of the food web may be affecting primary consumers. If effects of metals are mediated through shifts in the microbiome, then microbial metrics, as presented here, may aid in the assessment of stream ecosystem health, which currently does not include assessments of the microbiome.
机译：采矿或自然风化的金属污染是美国西部地表水域的共同特征。微生物分析的进步已经创造了常规采样水生微生物的潜力作为评估河流栖息地质量的工具。我们试图确定微生物组多样性和会员是否受金属污染的影响，并确定用于表示流生态系统中的金属应力的候选微生物分类群。我们评估了在Headville，Co的上部Arkansas River，Co的Headwaters附近的EPA超级朋格的主要排水中的Microbiome成员资格。来自每个样品，我们提取DNA并在Illumina Miseq平台上测序16S rRNA基因扩增子。我们使用剩余的沉积物同时评估环境金属浓度。我们还使用从两个观察研究部位中收集的沉积物进行人工流毛细血管实验。 Mesocosm实验具有双重因子设计：（i）地点（污染支流的上游或下游），（ii）治疗（金属暴露或对照）。我们发现现场上游和下游网站之间的多样性差异。同样，在实验金属暴露之后，多样性变化很少。然而，微生物组成员在上游和下游位置之间不同，实验金属曝光以依赖于每个中核科科姆中使用的沉积物的起源的方式改变了微生物组成员资格。同性恋者认为，即使在地表水中也可以是生态系统金属应力的可靠指标。用于评估生态系统健康的化学和其他指标并不表示生态系统应力。在本研究中提出的结果与先前公布的同一生态系统的工作组合，与食物网碱对金属的微生物反应可能影响原发性消费者的想法一致。如果金属的效果通过微生物组的变化介导，那么这里的微生物指标可以有助于评估流生态系统健康，目前不包括微生物组的评估。

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