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首页> 外文期刊>Applied Microbiology >Triclosan Tolerance Is Driven by a Conserved Mechanism in Diverse Pseudomonas Species
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Triclosan Tolerance Is Driven by a Conserved Mechanism in Diverse Pseudomonas Species

机译：Triclosan耐受由不同的假单胞菌种类的保守机制驱动

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Perturbation of natural microbial communities by antimicrobials, such as triclosan, can result in selection for antibiotic tolerance, which is of particular concern when pathogens are present. Members of the genus Pseudomonas are found in many natural microbial communities and frequently demonstrate increased abundance following triclosan exposure. The pathogen and well-studied model organism Pseudomonas aeruginosa exhibits high triclosan tolerance; however, it is unknown if all Pseudomonas species share this trait or if there are susceptible strains. We characterized the triclosan tolerance phenotypes of diverse Pseudomonas isolates obtained from triclosan-exposed built environments and identified both tolerant and sensitive strains. High tolerance is associated with carriage of the enoyl-acyl carrier reductase (ENR) isozyme gene fabV , compared to the lesser protective effects of efflux or presence of ENRs. Given its unique importance, we examined fabV distribution throughout Pseudomonas species using large-scale phylogenomic analyses. We find fabV presence or absence is largely invariant at the species level but demonstrates multiple gain and loss events in its evolutionary history. We further provide evidence of its presence on mobile genetic elements. Our results demonstrate the surprising variability in triclosan tolerance in Pseudomonas and confirm fabV to be a useful indicator for high triclosan tolerance in Pseudomonas . These findings provide a framework for better monitoring of Pseudomonas in triclosan-exposed environments and interpreting effects on species and gene composition.IMPORTANCE Closely related species are typically assumed to demonstrate similar phenotypes driven by underlying conserved genotypes. When monitoring for the effect of antimicrobials on the types of species that may be selected for, this assumption may prove to be incorrect, and identification of additional genetic markers may be necessary. We isolated several phylogenetically diverse members of Pseudomonas from indoor environments and tested their phenotypic tolerance toward the commonly used antimicrobial triclosan. Although Pseudomonas isolates are broadly regarded to be highly triclosan tolerant, we demonstrate the presence of both triclosan-tolerant and -susceptible strains, separated by a difference in tolerance of nearly 3 orders of magnitude. Bioinformatic and experimental investigation demonstrated that the presence of the gene fabV was associated with high tolerance. We demonstrate that fabV is not evenly distributed in all Pseudomonas species and that its presence could be a useful predictor of high triclosan tolerance suitable for antimicrobial monitoring efforts involving triclosan.
机译：通过抗微生物（如Triclosan）的自然微生物群落的扰动可导致抗生素耐受的选择，这对于存在病原体时特别关注。在许多天然微生物社区中发现了伪霉菌属的成员，并且经常表现出三氯生暴露后的丰度。病原体和研究良好的模型生物假单胞菌铜绿假单胞菌表现出高三氯胺耐受性;然而，如果所有假单胞菌种类分享这种特征，或者如果存在易感菌株，则未知。我们的特征在于从三氯烷暴露的内部环境中获得的多样性假单胞菌分离物的三氯烷耐受性表型，并鉴定了耐受性和敏感的菌株。与eNoyl-酰基载体还原酶（ENR）同工酶基因FABV的托架有关的高耐受性与Efflux或engs存在的较小的保护作用相比。鉴于其独特的重要性，我们使用大规模文学组织分析检查了整个假单胞菌种类的FABV分布。我们发现Fabv存在或缺席在很大程度上不变于物种水平，但在其进化历史中展示了多个增益和损失事件。我们进一步提供了其在移动遗传元素上存在的证据。我们的结果表明，假单胞菌的三胞气肿耐受性令人惊讶的变化，并确认Fabv是假鼠高三氯胺耐受的有用指标。这些发现提供了一种更好地监测Triclosan暴露的环境中的假单胞菌和对物种和基因组成的解释效果的框架。分为称为密切相关的物种以证明由潜在的保守基因型驱动的类似表型。当监测抗微生物的效果对可以选择的物种类型时，这种假设可能证明是不正确的，并且可能需要鉴定额外的遗传标记。我们从室内环境中分离出几种Pseudomonas的Pseudomonas系数，并对常用的抗微生物三胞苷进行了测试的表型耐受性。虽然假单胞菌分离株广泛地被认为是高度三氯磺酸耐受性，但是我们证明了三氯烷耐受性和可-Uscrectis的菌株的存在，其存在于近3个数量级的耐受性的差异。生物信息和实验研究表明，基因FabV的存在与高耐受性有关。我们证明Fabv在所有假单胞菌种类中没有均匀地分布，并且其存在可能是适用于涉及三胞沙猴的抗微生物监测努力的高三氯生耐受的有用预测因子。

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