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首页> 外文期刊>Applied Microbiology >The Organosulfur Compound Dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) Is Utilized as an Osmoprotectant by Vibrio Species
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The Organosulfur Compound Dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) Is Utilized as an Osmoprotectant by Vibrio Species

机译：有机硫磺化合物二甲基磺基丙酸酯（DMSP）用vibrio物种用作Osmoplotectant

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Dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), a key component of the global geochemical sulfur cycle, is a secondary metabolite produced in large quantities by marine phytoplankton and utilized as an osmoprotectant, thermoprotectant, and antioxidant. Marine bacteria can use two pathways to degrade and catabolize DMSP, a demethylation pathway and a cleavage pathway that produces the climate-active gas dimethylsulfide (DMS). Whether marine bacteria can also accumulate DMSP as an osmoprotectant to maintain the turgor pressure of the cell in response to changes in external osmolarity has received little attention. The marine halophile Vibrio parahaemolyticus contains at least six osmolyte transporters, namely four betaine carnitine choline transport (BCCT) carriers (BccT1 to BccT4) and two ATP-binding cassette (ABC) family ProU transporters. In this study, we showed that DMSP is used as an osmoprotectant by V. parahaemolyticus and by several other Vibrio species, including Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio vulnificus . Using a V. parahaemolyticus proU double mutant, we demonstrated that these ABC transporters are not required for DMSP uptake. However, a bccT null mutant lacking all four BCCTs had a growth defect compared to the wild type (WT) in high-salinity medium supplemented with DMSP. Using mutants possessing only one functional BCCT in growth pattern assays, we identified two BCCT family transporters, BccT1 and BccT2, that are carriers of DMSP. The only V. parahaemolyticus BccT homolog that V. cholerae and V. vulnificus possess is BccT3, and functional complementation in Escherichia coli MKH13 showed that V. cholerae VcBccT3 could transport DMSP. In V. vulnificus strains, we identified and characterized an additional BCCT family transporter, which we named BccT5, that was also a carrier for DMSP.IMPORTANCE DMSP is present in the marine environment, produced in large quantities by marine phytoplankton as an osmoprotectant, and is an important component of the global geochemical sulfur cycle. This algal osmolyte has not been previously investigated for its role in marine heterotrophic bacterial osmotic stress response. Vibrionaceae species are marine species, many of which are halophiles exemplified by V. parahaemolyticus , a species that possesses at least six transporters for the uptake of osmolytes. Here, we demonstrated that V. parahaemolyticus and other Vibrio species can accumulate DMSP as an osmoprotectant and show that several BCCT family transporters uptake DMSP. These studies suggest that DMSP is a significant bacterial osmoprotectant that may be important for understanding the fate of DMSP in the environment. DMSP is produced and present in coral mucus, and Vibrio species form part of the microbial communities associated with corals. The function of DMSP in these interactions is unclear, but it could be an important driver for these associations, allowing Vibrio proliferation. This work suggests that DMSP likely has a more important role in heterotrophic bacteria ecology than previously appreciated.
机译：二甲基磺基丙酸酯（DMSP）是全球地球化学硫循环的关键组分，是由海洋浮游植物大量生产的次级代谢物，并用作渗透剂，热保护剂和抗氧化剂。海洋细菌可以使用两种途径来降解和分解DMSP，去甲基化途径和产生气候活性气体二甲基硫醚（DMS）的切割途径。海洋细菌是否也可以将DMSP作为渗透剂累积，以保持细胞的Turgor压力响应外部渗透性的变化已经收入不足。 Marine Holophiler Vibrio Parahaemolyticus含有至少六种渗透的转运蛋白，即四个甜菜碱胆碱转运（BCCT）载体（BCCT1至BCCT4）和两个ATP结合盒（ABC）家族PROU转运蛋白。在这项研究中，我们表明DMSP用作V.Parahaemolyticus的Osmoplotectant，以及其他几种弧菌物种，包括霍乱霍乱和vibrio whraunfificus。使用V.Parahaemolyticus Prou双突变体，我们证明了DMSP摄取不需要这些ABC运输扣。然而，与补充有DMSP的高盐度介质中的野生型（WT）相比，缺乏所有四种BCCT的BCCT空突变体具有生长缺陷。使用具有在生长模式测定中仅具有一种功能性BCCT的突变体，我们鉴定了两个BCCT家族转运蛋白，BCCT1和BCCT2，其是DMSP的载体。 V.霍乱和V.Vulnificus拥有的唯一V.帕劳姆olyticusBCCT同源物是BCCT3，并且在大肠杆菌MKH13中的功能互补显示V.CholeraeVCBCCT3可以运输DMSP。在V.Vulnificus菌株中，我们鉴定并表征了我们命名为BCCT5的另外的BCCT家族转运蛋白，这也是DMSP.importance DMSP的载体，在海洋环境中存在，由海洋浮游植物大量生产，作为渗透物，和是全球地球化学硫循环的重要组成部分。此藻类渗透电聚电极物尚未对其在海洋杂养细菌渗透应激反应中的作用进行调查。 vibrionaceae物种是海洋物种，其中许多是由V. parahaemolyticus举例说明的卤素，该物种具有至少六个转运蛋白的物种用于摄取渗透物。在这里，我们证明了V.乙酰氨基醇和其他振动物种可以积聚DMSP作为OsMoplotectant，并表明几种BCCT家族转运蛋白摄取DMSP。这些研究表明，DMSP是一种显着的细菌OsMoplotectant，对于了解环境中DMSP的命运可能是重要的。 DMSP在珊瑚粘液中产生并存在，并且振动物种形成与珊瑚相关的微生物群落的一部分。 DMSP在这些相互作用中的功能尚不清楚，但这可能是这些关联的重要驾驶员，允许振动增殖。这项工作表明，DMSP可能在异养细菌生态学中具有比以前欣赏的更重要的作用。

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