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首页> 外文期刊>Applied Microbiology >Soil Characteristics Constrain the Response of Microbial Communities and Associated Hydrocarbon Degradation Genes during Phytoremediation
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Soil Characteristics Constrain the Response of Microbial Communities and Associated Hydrocarbon Degradation Genes during Phytoremediation

机译：土壤特性约束微生物群落和相关烃劣化基因在植物中的响应

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Rhizodegradation is a promising cleanup technology where microorganisms degrade soil contaminants in the rhizosphere. A symbiotic relationship is expected to occur between plant roots and soil microorganisms in contaminated soils that enhances natural microbial degradation. However, little is known about how different initial microbiotas influence the rhizodegradation outcome. Recent studies have hinted that soil initial diversity has a determining effect on the outcome of contaminant degradation. To test this, we either planted (P) or not (NP) balsam poplars ( Populus balsamifera ) in two soils of contrasting diversity (agricultural and forest) that were contaminated or not with 50?mg kg~(?1) of phenanthrene (PHE). The DNA from the rhizosphere of the P and the bulk soil of the NP pots was extracted and the bacterial genes encoding the 16S rRNA, the PAH ring-hydroxylating dioxygenase alpha subunits (PAH-RHDα) of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and the fungal ITS region were sequenced to characterize the microbial communities. The abundances of the PAH-RHDα genes were quantified by real-time quantitative PCR. Plant presence had a significant effect on PHE degradation only in the forest soil, whereas both NP and P agricultural soils degraded the same amount of PHE. Fungal communities were mainly affected by plant presence, whereas bacterial communities were principally affected by the soil type, and upon contamination the dominant PAH-degrading community was similarly constrained by soil type. Our results highlight the crucial importance of soil microbial and physicochemical characteristics in the outcome of rhizoremediation.IMPORTANCE Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are a group of organic contaminants that pose a risk to ecosystems’ health. Phytoremediation is a promising biotechnology with the potential to restore PAH-contaminated soils. However, some limitations prevent it from becoming the remediation technology of reference, despite being environmentally friendlier than mainstream physicochemical alternatives. Recent reports suggest that the original soil microbial diversity is the key to harnessing the potential of phytoremediation. Therefore, this study focused on determining the effect of two different soil types in the fate of phenanthrene (a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon) under balsam poplar remediation. Poplar increased the degradation of phenanthrene in forest, but not in agricultural soil. The fungi were affected by poplars, whereas total bacteria and specific PAH-degrading bacteria were constrained by soil type, leading to different degradation patterns between soils. These results highlight the importance of performing preliminary microbiological studies of contaminated soils to determine whether plant presence could improve remediation rates or not.
机译：无流离失所的研究是一种有前途的清理技术，微生物降解了根际的土壤污染物。预计植物根部和土壤微生物之间的共生关系将在污染的土壤中发生增强自然微生物降解。然而，关于不同的初始微生物消毒剂如何影响无条水降解结果几乎熟知。最近的研究暗示土壤初始多样性对污染物降解结果具有决定性影响。为了测试这一点，我们植物（p）或不是（np）balsam poplars（populus balsamifera）在染色的多样性（农业和森林）的两种土壤中，这些土壤被污染或不含50？mg kg〜（α1）的菲丙烯（ PHE）。来自P的龙柱的根际的DNA和NP盆的散装土壤，并编码16S rRNA的细菌基因，革兰氏阳性和革兰氏阴性细菌的PAH环羟基化二恶英二氧基酶α亚基（PAH-RHDα），并且对其区域进行测序以表征微生物群落。通过实时定量PCR量化Pah-RhDα基因的丰度。植物存在对仅在森林土壤中的Phe降解具有显着影响，而NP和P农业土壤均降低相同量的PHE。真菌社区主要受植物存在的影响，而细菌社区主要受土壤类型的影响，并且污染后，占土壤类型的显性PAH降解群落类似地限制。我们的结果突出了土壤微生物和物理化学特性在根瘤化结果中的关键重要性。分析多环芳烃（PAH）是一组有机污染物，对生态系统的健康构成风险。植物化是一种有前途的生物技术，具有恢复PAH受污染的土壤的潜力。然而，尽管与主流物理化学替代品相比，某些限制阻止其成为参考的修复技术。最近的报道表明，原始土壤微生物多样性是利用植物化潜力的关键。因此，该研究的重点是在Balsam Poplar修复下测定两种不同土壤类型在菲苯甲烷（多环芳烃）命运中的作用。杨树增加了森林中菲的降解，但不在农业土壤中。真菌受到杨树的影响，而总细菌和特定的PAH降解细菌受土壤类型约束，导致土壤之间的不同降解模式。这些结果突出了对污染土壤进行初步微生物学研究的重要性，以确定植物存在是否可以改善修复率。

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