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首页> 外文期刊>Atmospheric chemistry and physics >Reactive nitrogen around the Arabian Peninsula and in the Mediterranean Sea during the 2017 AQABA ship campaign
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Reactive nitrogen around the Arabian Peninsula and in the Mediterranean Sea during the 2017 AQABA ship campaign

机译：阿拉伯半岛和地中海周围的反应性氮在2017年的AQABA船舶运动期间

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We present shipborne measurements of NO x ( ≡ ?NO? + ?NO 2 ) and NO y ( ≡ ?NO x + ?gas- and particle-phase organic and inorganic oxides of nitrogen) in summer 2017 as part of the expedition “Air Quality and climate change in the Arabian BAsin” (AQABA). The NO x and NO z ( ≡ ?NO y -NO x ) measurements, made with a thermal dissociation cavity ring-down spectrometer (TD-CRDS), were used to examine the chemical mechanisms involved in the processing of primary NO x emissions and their influence on the NO y budget in chemically distinct marine environments, including the Mediterranean Sea, the Red Sea, and the Arabian Gulf, which were influenced to varying extents by emissions from shipping and oil and gas production. Complementing the TD-CRDS measurements, NO and NO 2 data sets from a chemiluminescence detector (CLD) were used in the analysis. In all regions, we find that NO x is strongly connected to ship emissions, both via direct emission of NO and via the formation of HONO and its subsequent photolytic conversion to NO. The role of HONO was assessed by calculating the NO x production rate from its photolysis. Mean NO 2 lifetimes were 3.9?h in the Mediterranean Sea, 4.0?h in the Arabian Gulf, and 5.0?h in the Red Sea area. The cumulative loss of NO 2 during the night (reaction with O 3 ) was more important than daytime losses (reaction with OH) over the Arabian Gulf (by a factor 2.8) and over the Red Sea (factor 2.9), whereas over the Mediterranean Sea, where OH levels were high, daytime losses dominated (factor 2.5). Regional ozone production efficiencies (OPEs; calculated from the correlation between O x and NO z , where O x = ?O 3 + ?NO 2 ) ranged from 10.5? ± ?0.9 to 19.1? ± ?1.1. This metric quantifies the relative strength of photochemical O 3 production from NO x compared to the competing sequestering into NO z species. The largest values were found over the Arabian Gulf, consistent with high levels of O 3 found in that region (10–90 percentiles range: 23–108?ppbv). The fractional contribution of individual NO z species to NO y exhibited a large regional variability, with HNO 3 generally the dominant component (on average 33?% of NO y ) with significant contributions from organic nitrates (11?%) and particulate nitrates in the PM 1 size range (8?%).
机译：我们在2017年夏天展示了NO X（≡α+ +？NO 2）和NO y（≡？NO x +？气体，颗粒 - 相机有机和无机氧化物）作为探险赛的一部分“空气阿拉伯盆地的质量和气候变化“（AQABA）。使用用热解离腔响距光谱仪（TD-CRD）制成的NO X和NO Z（≡→NO Y-NO X）测量来检查初级无x排放处理中涉及的化学机制它们对在化学上不同的海洋环境中的Y预算的影响，包括地中海，红海和阿拉伯海湾，这些海湾受到来自航运和石油和天然气生产的排放的不同范围。在分析中使用来自化学发光检测器（CLD）的TD-CRD测量，NO和NO 2数据集。在所有地区，我们发现没有X强烈连接到船舶排放，无论是通过直接发射的，也不通过形成Hono及其随后的光解转化为NO。通过从其光解没有计算NO X生产率来评估Hono的作用。在地中海的意思是2个寿命在2.0℃，4.0？H在阿拉伯海湾，5.0？H在红海地区。夜间累积损失（与O 3的反应）比阿拉伯海湾（ob）和红海（因素2.9）和红海（因素2.9）更重要（与oh）的日间损失（反应）更重要。海，其中oh水平很高，白天损失主导（因子2.5）。区域臭氧生产效率（OPES;根据o x和no z之间的相关性计算，其中o x =？o 3 +？no 2）从10.5范围内±0.9至19.1？ ±1.1。与竞争除Z种类相比，该度量使光化学o 3从NO X产生的相对强度从NO X序列中量化。在阿拉伯海湾中发现了最大的值，该区域中的高水平O 3一致（10-90百分位数：23-108？PPBV）。单个NO Z种类的分数贡献没有Y表现出大的区域变异性，HNO 3通常具有来自有机硝酸盐（11μl）和颗粒硝酸盐的显着贡献的主要组分（平均33μl）和颗粒硝酸盐中的显着贡献PM 1尺寸范围（8？％）。

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