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首页> 外文期刊>Frontiers in Psychology >Aping Language: Historical Perspectives on the Quest for Semantics, Syntax, and Other Rarefied Properties of Human Language in the Communication of Primates and Other Animals
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Aping Language: Historical Perspectives on the Quest for Semantics, Syntax, and Other Rarefied Properties of Human Language in the Communication of Primates and Other Animals

机译：Aping语言：关于语义，语法和人类语言的其他稀有性质的历史观点，在灵长类动物和其他动物的沟通中

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In 1980, Robert Seyfarth, Dorothy Cheney and Peter Marler published a landmark paper in Science claiming language-like semantic communication in the alarm calls of vervet monkeys. This article and the career research program it spawned for its authors catalyzed countless other studies searching for semantics, and then also syntax and other rarefied properties of language, in the communication systems of non-human primates and other animals. It also helped bolster a parallel tradition of teaching symbolism and syntax in artificial language systems to great apes. Although the search for language rudiments in the communications of primates long predates the vervet alarm call story, it is difficult to overstate the impact of the vervet research, for it fueled field and laboratory research programs for several generations of primatologists and kept busy an equal number of philosophers, linguists, and cognitive scientists debating possible implications for the origins and evolution of language and other vaunted elements of the human condition. Now 40-years on, the original vervet alarm call findings have been revised and claims of semanticity recanted; while other evidence for semantics and syntax in the natural communications of non-humans is sparse and weak. Ultimately, we are forced to conclude that there are simply few substantive precedents in the natural communications of animals for the high-level informational and representational properties of language, nor its complex syntax. This conclusion does not mean primates cannot be taught some version of these elements of language in artificial language systems – in fact, they can. Nor does it mean there is no continuity between the natural communications of animals and humans that could inform the evolution of language – in fact, there is such continuity. It just does not lie in the specialized semantic and syntactic properties of language. In reviewing these matters, I consider why it is that primates do not evince high-level properties of language in their natural communications but why we so readily accepted that they did or should; and what lessons we might draw from that experience. In the process, I also consider why accounts of human-like characteristics in animals can be so irresistibly appealing.
机译：1980年，Robert Seyfarth，Dorothy Cheney和Peter Marler在Celience申请的语言语义通信中发表了一个地标纸，在警报猴子的警报叫喊。本文和职业研究计划它为其作者产生了催化了无数的其他研究寻找语义，然后在非人类灵长类动物和其他动物的通信系统中进行语言的语法和其他稀有性质。它还帮助将人工语言系统中的象征主义和语法的并行传统，以便成为大猿。虽然搜索灵长类动物长期通信中的语言雏形，但是远远夸大了传神研究的影响，因为它为几代原版医师提供了燃料的现场和实验室研究计划，并保持繁忙的数量哲学家，语言学家和认知科学家的争论对语言的起源和演变的可能影响和人类状况的其他vaunted元素。现在40年来，原始的死亡报警呼叫调查结果已修改并声称解读;虽然非人类自然通信中的语义和语法的其他证据稀疏和弱。最终，我们被迫得出结论，在动物的高级信息和代表性的高水平信息和代表性的自然通信中都有很少有实质性的先例，也不是其复杂的语法。这个结论并不意味着灵长类动物不能教授人工语言系统中的一些语言元素 - 事实上，他们可以。它也不意味着动物和人类的自然通信之间没有连续性，可以通知语言的演变 - 事实上，有这种连续性。它只是不属于语言的专业语义和句法特性。在审查这些问题时，我考虑为什么这是一个灵长类动物在他们的自然通信中没有估计语言的高级特性，但我们为什么这么容易被接受他们所做的或应该;我们可能会从这种体验中吸取教训。在这个过程中，我还考虑为什么人类在动物中的人类特征账户可能是如此不可抗拒的吸引力。

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