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首页> 外文期刊>Frontiers in Psychology >The Social Roots of Suicide: Theorizing How the External Social World Matters to Suicide and Suicide Prevention
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The Social Roots of Suicide: Theorizing How the External Social World Matters to Suicide and Suicide Prevention

机译：自杀的社会根源：了解外部社会世界的自杀和自杀预防问题

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The past 20 years have seen dramatic rises in suicide rates in the United States and other countries around the world. These trends have been identified as a public health crisis in urgent need of new solutions and have spurred significant research efforts to improve our understanding of suicide and strategies to prevent it. Unfortunately, despite making significant contributions to the founding of suicidology – through Emile Durkheim’s classic Suicide (1897/1951) – sociology’s role has been less prominent in contemporary efforts to address these tragic trends, though as we will show, sociological theories offer great promise for advancing our understanding of suicide and improving the efficacy of suicide prevention. Here, we review sociological theory and empirical research on suicide. We begin where all sociologists must: with Durkheim. However, we offer a more comprehensive understanding of Durkheim’s insights into suicide than the prior reviews provided by those in other disciplines. In so doing, we reveal the nuance and richness of Durkheim’s insights that have been largely lost in modern suicidology, despite being foundational to all sociological theories of suicide – even those that have moved beyond his model. We proceed to discuss broadly acknowledged limitations to Durkheim’s theory of suicide and review how more recent theoretical efforts have not only addressed those concerns, but have done so by bringing a larger swatch of sociology’s theoretical and empirical toolkit to bare on suicide. Specifically, we review how recent sociological theories of suicide have incorporated insights from social network theories, cultural sociology, sociology of emotions, and sociological social psychology to better theorize how the external social world matters to individual psychological pain and suffering. We conclude by making explicit bridges between sociological and psychological theories of suicide; by noting important limitations in knowledge about suicide – particularly regarding the roles of organizations, inequality, and intersectionality in suicide – that sociology is well situated to help address.
机译：过去20年来看，在美国和世界各地的自杀率中看到了戏剧性的崛起。这些趋势已被确定为公共卫生危机，迫切需要新的解决方案，并刺激了改善我们对自杀和策略的理解，以改善对防止它的策略的重大研究努力。遗憾的是，尽管对自杀的成立作出了重大贡献 - 通过Emile Durkheim的经典自杀（1897/1951） - 社会学在当代努力中的作用不那么突出，尽管我们展示了社会理论，但社会学理论为推进我们对自杀的理解，提高自杀预防效果。在这里，我们审查了自杀的社会学理论和实证研究。我们从所有社会学家必须在哪里：Durkheim。但是，我们对DuRkheim的见解更加全面地了解自杀于自由其他学科的先前评论。在这样做，我们揭示了Durkheim的洞察力的细微差别和丰富，尽管是基于自杀的所有社会学理论的基础，但甚至那些已经超越了他的模型的社会学理论。我们继续讨论对Durkheim的自杀理论的广泛认可的局限性，并审查更新的理论努力不仅如何解决这些问题，而是通过将更大的社会学的理论和经验工具包裸露来掩盖来解决这些问题。具体而言，我们审查了自杀的最近社会学理论如何纳入社会网络理论，文化社会学，情感社会学和社会学社会心理学的见解，以更好地了解外部社会世界对个人心理疼痛和痛苦的事项。我们通过在自杀的社会学和心理学理论之间进行明确的桥梁来结束;通过注意到自杀知识的重要局限 - 特别是关于组织，不平等和交叉的角色在自杀中 - 社会学良好地提供了帮助地址。

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