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首页> 外文期刊>PLoS One >Low-energy nanoemulsions as carriers for red raspberry seed oil: Formulation approach based on Raman spectroscopy and textural analysis, physicochemical properties, stability and in vitro ?antioxidant/ biological activity
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Low-energy nanoemulsions as carriers for red raspberry seed oil: Formulation approach based on Raman spectroscopy and textural analysis, physicochemical properties, stability and in vitro ?antioxidant/ biological activity

机译：低能量纳米乳液作为红覆盆子种子油的载体：基于拉曼光谱和纹理分析，物理化学性质，稳定性和体外的配方方法？抗氧化/生物活性

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Considering a growing demand for medicinal/cosmetic products with natural actives, this study focuses on the low-energy nanoemulsions (LE-NEs) prepared via the Phase inversion composition (PIC) method at room temperature as potential carriers for natural oil. Four different red raspberry seed oils (ROs) were tested, as follows: cold-pressed vs. CO 2 -extracted, organic vs. non-organic, refined vs. unrefined. The oil phase was optimized with Tocopheryl acetate and Isostearyl isostearate, while water phase was adjusted with either glycerol or an antioxidant hydro-glycolic extract. This study has used a combined approach to formulation development, employing both conventional methods (pseudo-ternary phase diagram ? PTPD, electrical conductivity, particle size measurements, microscopical analysis, and rheological measurements) and the methods novel to this area, such as textural analysis and Raman spectroscopy. Raman spectroscopy has detected fine differences in chemical composition among ROs, and it detected the interactions within nanoemulsions. It was shown that the cold-pressed, unrefined, organic grade oil (RO2) with 6.62% saturated fatty acids and 92.25% unsaturated fatty acids, was optimal for the LE-NEs. Textural analysis confirmed the existence of cubic gel-like phase as a crucial step in the formation of stable RO2-loaded LE-NEs, with droplets in the narrow nano-range (125 to 135 nm; PDI ≤ 0.1). The DPPH test in methanol and ABTS in aqueous medium have revealed a synergistic free radical scavenging effect between lipophilic and hydrophilic antioxidants in LE-NEs. The nanoemulsion carrier has improved the biological effect of raw materials on HeLa cervical adenocarcinoma cells, while exhibiting good safety profile, as confirmed on MRC-5 normal human lung fibroblasts. Overall, this study has shown that low-energy nanoemulsions present very promising carriers for topical delivery of natural bioactives. Raman spectroscopy and textural analysis have proven to be a useful addition to the arsenal of methods used in the formulation and characterization of nanoemulsion systems.
机译：考虑到具有天然活性物质的药用/化妆品的需求不断增长，本研究重点介绍通过相倒工组合物（PIC）方法在室温下作为天然油的潜在载体制备的低能量纳米乳液（LE-NE）。测试四种不同的红覆盆子种子油（ROS），如下所述：冷压与CO 2 - 萃取，有机与非有机，改进的Vs.未精制。用生育酰基乙酸盐和异硬脂酸淀粉酸酯进行优化油相，而水相用甘油或抗氧化剂水 - 乙醇提取物调节水相。本研究采用了一种组合的配方开发方法，采用常规方法（伪三元相图？PTPD，导电性，粒度测量，显微镜分析和流变测量）以及该区域的方法，如纹理分析和拉曼光谱。拉曼光谱检测到RO之间的化学成分差异，并检测纳米乳液中的相互作用。结果表明，含有6.62％饱和脂肪酸和92.25％不饱和脂肪酸的冷压制，未精制的有机级油（RO2）对LE-NE是最佳的。纹理分析证实了立方凝胶状相的存在作为形成稳定的RO2加载的LE-NE的关键步骤，窄纳米范围内的液滴（125至135nm;PDI≤0.1）。水性介质中甲醇和ABTS中的DPPH试验揭示了Le-NES的亲脂和亲水性抗氧化剂之间的协同自由基清除效果。如MRC-5正常人肺成纤维细胞证实，纳米乳剂载体在Hela宫颈腺癌细胞上提高了原料的生物学效果，同时表现出良好的安全性曲线。总体而言，这项研究表明，低能量纳米乳液具有非常有前途的载体，用于自然生物的局部递送。 RAMAN光谱和纹理分析已被证明是对制剂配方和表征的方法的有用的补充和纳米乳液系统的表征。

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