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首页> 外文期刊>PLoS One >Evidence for extensive anaerobic dechlorination and transformation of the pesticide chlordecone (C 10 Cl 10 O) by indigenous microbes in microcosms from Guadeloupe soil
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Evidence for extensive anaerobic dechlorination and transformation of the pesticide chlordecone (C 10 Cl 10 O) by indigenous microbes in microcosms from Guadeloupe soil

机译：来自瓜德罗普土壤中的微观微观微观微观微观微观微观微观微观微观微观的厌氧脱氯和转化的证据

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The historic use of chlordecone (C 10 Cl 10 O) as a pesticide to control banana weevil infestations has resulted in pollution of large land areas in the French West Indies. Although currently banned, chlordecone persists because it adsorbs strongly to soil and its complex bis-homocubane structure is stable, particularly under aerobic conditions. Abiotic chemical transformation catalyzed by reduced vitamin B 12 has been shown to break down chlordecone by opening the cage structure to produce C9 polychloroindenes. More recently these C9 polychloroindenes were also observed as products of anaerobic microbiological transformation. To investigate the anaerobic biotransformation of chlordecone by microbes native to the French West Indies, microcosms were constructed anaerobically from chlordecone impacted Guadeloupe soil and sludge to mimic natural attenuation and eletron donor-stimulated reductive dechlorination. Original microcosms and transfers were incubated over a period of 8 years, during which they were repeatedly amended with chlordecone and electron donor (ethanol and acetone). Using LC-MS, chlordecone and degradation products were detected in all the biologically active microcosms. Observed products included monohydro-, dihydro- and trihydrochlordecone derivatives (C 10 Cl 10-n O 2 H n ; n = 1,2,3), as well as “open cage” C9 polychloroindene compounds (C 9 Cl 5-n H 3+n n = 0,1,2) and C10 carboxylated polychloroindene derivatives (C 10 Cl 4-n O 2 H 4+n , n = 0–3). Products with as many as 9 chlorine atoms removed were detected. These products were not observed in sterile (poisoned) microcosms. Chlordecone concentrations decreased in active microcosms as concentrations of products increased, indicating that anaerobic dechlorination processes have occurred. The data enabled a crude estimation of partitioning coefficients between soil and water, showing that carboxylated intermediates sorb poorly and as a consequence may be flushed away, while polychlorinated indenes sorb strongly to soil. Microbial community analysis in microcosms revealed enrichment of anaerobic fermenting and acetogenic microbes possibly involved in anaerobic chlordecone biotransformation. It thus should be possible to stimuilate anaerobic dechlorination through donor amendment to contaminated soils, particularly as some metabolites (in particular pentachloroindene) were already detected in field samples as a result of intrinsic processes. Extensive dechlorination in the microcosms, with evidence for up to 9 Cl atoms removed from the parent molecule is game-changing, giving hope to the possibility of using bioremediation to reduce the impact of CLD contamination.
机译：Chlordecone（C 10 Cl 10 O）作为用于控制香蕉象鼻虫侵扰的农药的历史性用途导致法国西印度群岛的大型土地地区污染。虽然目前被禁止，Chlordecone坚持，因为它强烈地吸附土壤，其复杂的双同型结构是稳定的，特别是在有氧条件下。通过打开笼式结构以生产C9聚氯戊烯酮，已经证明了通过减少维生素B 12催化的非生物化学转化。最近，还观察到这些C9聚氯丁腺苷酸作为厌氧微生物转化产物。为了探讨Chlordecone对法国西部Indies的微生物的厌氧生物转化，Microcosms从Chlordecone受到影响的瓜德罗普酮土壤和污泥以模仿自然衰减和Eletron供体刺激的还原脱氯。原始的微观微观和转移在8年内孵育，在此期间，用氯芳酮和电子供体（乙醇和丙酮）反复修正。在所有生物活性的微观上检测到使用LC-MS，ChlordeCone和降解产物。观察到的产品包括单羟基，二氢 - 和三羟基葡萄酒衍生物（C 10 Cl 10-N O 2 H N; n = 1,2,3），以及“开放式笼”C9聚氯茚化合物（C 9 Cl 5-N H. 3 + NN = 0,1,2）和C10羧化聚氯茚衍生物（C 10 Cl 4-N O 2 H 4 + N，N = 0-3）。检测到多达9氯原子的产品。这些产品未在无菌（中毒）微观中观察到。氯芳酮浓度在活性微观上降低，因为产品的浓度增加，表明已经发生了厌氧脱氯过程。该数据使土壤和水之间的分配系数的粗略估计，表明羧化中间体吸附差，因此可能会冲走，而多氯化氯缩合强烈地缩合到土壤中。微观群落分析微观综合症揭示了厌氧发酵和可能参与Anaerobic Chlordecone生物转化的致胰腺发酵和乙炔微生物的富集。因此，应该可以通过供体修正促进抑制土壤的厌氧脱氯，特别是由于内在方法的结果，已经在现场样品中检测到一些代谢物（特别是五氯茚）。微观脱氯，具有多达9个Cl原子的证据，从母体分子中移除是更换的，希望能够使用生物修复来减少CLD污染的影响。

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