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首页> 外文期刊>PLoS One >Long-term loss in extent and current protection of terrestrial ecosystem diversity in the temperate and tropical Americas
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Long-term loss in extent and current protection of terrestrial ecosystem diversity in the temperate and tropical Americas

机译：在温带和热带美洲的陆地生态系统多样性的程度和目前保护的长期亏损

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Documenting changes in ecosystem extent and protection is essential to understanding status of biodiversity and related ecosystem services and have direct applications to measuring Essential Biodiversity Variables, Targets under the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), and IUCN Red List of Ecosystems. We developed both potential and current distribution maps of terrestrial ecosystem types for the temperate and tropical Americas; with “potential” estimating where a type would likely occur today had there not been prior land conversion for modern land uses. We utilized a hierarchical classification to describe and map natural ecosystem types at six levels of thematic detail, with lower thematic levels defining more units each with narrower floristic range than upper levels. Current land use/land cover was derived using available global data on human land use intensity and combined with the potential distribution maps to estimate long-term change in extent for each ecosystem type. We also assessed representation of ecosystem types within protected areas as defined by IUCN I-VI land status categories. Of the 749 ecosystem types assessed, represented at 5 th (n = 315) vs. 6 th (n = 433) levels of the classification hierarchy, 5 types (1.6%) and 31 types (7.1%), respectively, have lost 90% of their potential extent. Some 66 types (20.9%) and 141 types (32.5%), respectively, have lost 50% of their potential extent; thus, crossing thresholds of Vulnerable status under IUCN Red List criterion A3. For ecosystem type representation within IUCN protected area classes, with reference to potential extent of each type, 111 (45.3%) and 125 (28.8%) of types, respectively, have higher representation (17%) than CBD 2020 targets. Twelve types (3.8%) and 23 (5.3%) of types, respectively, are represented with 1% within protected areas. We illustrate an option for visualizing and reporting on CBD targets (2020 and proposed post-2020) for ecosystem representativeness using both potential extent as a baseline.
机译：记录生态系统范围和保护的变化对于理解生物多样性和相关生态系统服务的地位至关重要，并有直接应用来衡量基本生物多样性变量，“生物多样性公约”和IUCN红色名单的基本生物多样性变量，以及生态系统的IUCN红色名单。我们开发了温带和热带美洲的陆地生态系统类型的潜在和当前分布图;随着“潜力”估计，当今可能发生的类型可能会发生现代土地使用的现有土地转换。我们利用了分层分类来描述和地图六个专题细节中的自然生态系统类型，具有较低的主题级别，限定更多单元，每个单元具有比上层更窄的植物范围。目前的土地使用/陆地覆盖是使用关于人土地利用强度的可用全球数据，并结合潜在的分布图，以估计每种生态系统类型的长期变化。我们还评估了IUCN I-VI土地状况类别所定义的保护区内生态系统类型的表现。在评估的749种生态系统类型中，分别为5（n = 315）的5（n = 433）水平，分别为5种（1.6％）和31种（7.1％）丢失＆gt ;其潜在程度的90％。分别为66种（20.9％）和141种（32.5％）丢失＆潜在程度的50％;因此，IUCN红色列表标准A3下的易受攻击状态的交叉阈值。对于IUCN保护区域类内的生态系统类型表示，参考每种类型的潜在程度，111（45.3％）和125（28.8％）的类型，具有比CBD 2020靶标更高的表示（＆ 17％）。分别在保护区域内分别表示12种（3.8％）和23（5.3％）的类型。我们说明了在CBD目标（2020和提出的第2020篇）上可视化和报告的选项，以便使用潜在的程度作为基线来实现生态系统代表性。

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