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首页> 外文期刊>BMC Evolutionary Biology >Distinct patterns of pigment development underlie convergent hyperpigmentation between nocturnal and diurnal geckos (Squamata: Gekkota)
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Distinct patterns of pigment development underlie convergent hyperpigmentation between nocturnal and diurnal geckos (Squamata: Gekkota)

机译：夜间和尼克斯壁虎之间的颜料发育底蕴的颜料发展模式（Squamata：Gekkota）

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Evolutionary transitions in temporal niche necessitates specialized morphology, physiology, and behaviors. Diurnal, heliothermic squamates (lizards and snakes) that bask require protection from ultraviolet radiation (UV) that can damage internal organs such as the brain, viscera, and gonads. Many smaller squamates have accomplished this protection by hyperpigmentation of the peritoneum and subcutaneous dorsum. Typically, nocturnal species do not require these protections from ultraviolet light. However, some nocturnal species that exhibit extreme crypsis may be exposed to sunlight and UV and require some means of mediating that damage. One such species is Gekko (Ptychozoon) kuhli, a nocturnal, arboreal gecko that uses extreme crypsis to blend in with tree bark. Hiding motionless on tree trunks leaves geckos exposed to sunlight during the day. Thus, we predict that G. kuhli will have independently evolved a hyperpigmented phenotype. To investigate this hypothesized association between temporal niche, behavior, and morphology, we characterized adult subcutaneous pigment for eight gecko species and embryonic pigment accumulation for a subset of four of these species, exhibiting diverse temporal niche and thermoregulatory behaviors. We predicted that nocturnal/potentially-heliothermic G. kuhli would exhibit hyperpigmentation of internal structures like that of diurnal/heliothermic geckos. We further predicted that embryonic pigment accumulation of G. kuhli would resemble that of diurnal/heliothermic as opposed to nocturnal/thigmothermic geckos. We found that temporal niche and thermoregulatory behavior predicted the degree of subcutaneous pigment in the eight gecko species examined. We demonstrate that G. kuhli accumulates pigment extremely early in embryonic development, unlike a diurnal/heliothermic gecko species, despite having a similar adult phenotype. The evolution of hyperpigmentation in G. kuhli is likely an adaptation to limit damage from occasional daytime UV exposure caused by crypsis-associated basking behavior. Gekko kuhli achieves its hyperpigmented phenotype through a derived developmental pattern, not seen in any other lizard species investigated to date, suggesting novel temporal differences in the migration and/or differentiation of reptilian neural crest derivatives.
机译：时间利基进化过渡需要专门的形态，生理学和行为。沼泽地区的昼夜，精灵和蛇）需要保护免受紫外线辐射（UV）的保护，这可能会损坏脑，内脏和GONAD等内器官。许多较小的鳞片通过腹膜和皮下背部的高度沉着来实现了这种保护。通常，夜间物种不需要来自紫外线的这些保护。然而，一些表现出极端克扣的夜间物种可能暴露在阳光和紫外线上，并且需要一些介导这种损坏的方法。一种这样的物种是Gekko（Ptychozoon）Kuhli，一个夜行，树栖壁虎，使用极端的克里普斯与树皮混合。在树干上隐藏在树干上留下了白天暴露在阳光下的壁虎。因此，我们预测G. Kuhli将独立地演化过化的表型。为了研究颞型地基，行为和形态之间的这种假设相关性，我们将成人皮下颜料表征为八种壁虎种类和胚胎色素积累，用于这些物种中的四种子集，表现出各种颞骨髓和热调节行为。我们预测夜间/潜在的精热器G.Kuhli将表现出像昼夜/精灵壁炉的内部结构的超差异化。我们进一步预测，G.Kuhli的胚胎色素积累将类似于昼夜温度/蒂莫热壁炉的昼夜/精灵。我们发现颞乳头肽和热调节行为预测了八种壁虎种类中的皮下颜料的程度。我们证明G.Kuhli在胚胎发育中极早累积色素，而不同于昼夜/精灵热壁壁龛物种，尽管具有类似的成人表型。 G. Kuhli中的高度沉降的演变可能适应，以限制由Crypsis相关的烟雾行为引起的偶尔白天紫外线暴露的伤害。 Gekko Kuhli通过调查到迄今为止的任何其他蜥蜴物种中未见的衍生发育模式来实现其过度衰弱的表型，表明爬行动物神经嵴衍生物的迁移和/或分化的新型时间差异。

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